Journal of critical care
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Journal of critical care · Apr 2013
Review Meta AnalysisProphylactic magnesium for improving neurologic outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Neurologic disability is common after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Our objective was to systematically review the prophylactic use of magnesium to improve neurologic outcomes in these patients. ⋯ Despite decreasing the incidence of DCI in patients with aSAH, prophylactic intravenous magnesium does not improve neurologic outcome or decrease cerebral infarction, radiographic vasospasm, or mortality.
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Journal of critical care · Apr 2013
Review Meta AnalysisTracheostomy teams reduce total tracheostomy time and increase speaking valve use: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Multidisciplinary tracheostomy teams have been implemented in acute hospitals over the past 10 years. This systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of tracheostomy teams on patient outcomes. ⋯ There is low-quality evidence that multidisciplinary tracheostomy care contributes to a reduction in total tracheostomy time and increase speaking valve use for patients leading to improved quality of life. There is insufficient evidence to determine that multidisciplinary tracheostomy teams reduce hospital or intensive care unit LOS.
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Hypernatremia is common in intensive care units. It has detrimental effects on various physiologic functions and was shown to be an independent risk factor for increased mortality in critically ill patients. Mechanisms of hypernatremia include sodium gain and/or loss of free water and can be discriminated by clinical assessment and urine electrolyte analysis. ⋯ Therefore, the intensivists should be very careful to provide the adequate sodium and water balance for them. Hypernatremia is treated by the administration of free water and/or diuretics, which promote renal excretion of sodium. The rate of correction is critical and must be adjusted to the rapidity of the development of hypernatremia.
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Journal of critical care · Apr 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialInhaled Dornase alfa (Pulmozyme) as a noninvasive treatment of atelectasis in mechanically ventilated patients.
Lobar or segmental collapse of the lung in mechanically ventilated patients is a common occurrence in the intensive care unit. Management is labor and time intensive and not highly effective. ⋯ Dornase alfa does not improve the appearance of atelectasis on chest radiographs, or the "Total Chest X-Ray Score" over the first 5 days of treatment in mechanically ventilated patients. The intervention group's higher rate of extubation during the first 24 hours as well as its improved oxygenation on day 5 were likely chance findings given the multiple potential confounders for extubation and low study power.
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Journal of critical care · Apr 2013
ReviewHyponatremia in critical care patients: frequency, outcome, characteristics, and treatment with the vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist tolvaptan.
Hyponatremia is a common problem in critical care patients and is associated with increased duration of hospital stay and increased morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of hyponatremia in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been reported to be as high as 30% to 40%. Recent studies have found hyponatremia at ICU admission in up to 14% of patients in unselected groups; patients with hyponatremia were at elevated risk of mortality vs normonatremic patients. ⋯ Tolvaptan treatment increases serum sodium via aquaresis-ie, increased electrolyte-free water excretion-and thus presents an advantage in patients with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone or other euvolemic states or hypervolemic hyponatremia. This article provides a review of hyponatremia and of the potential use of tolvaptan in critical care settings. Case reports provide examples of tolvaptan use in correcting severe hyponatremia and associated abnormal mental status and in resolving hyponatremia prior to surgery.