Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie
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Monocytes/macrophages are key players in innate and adaptive immunity. Upon stimulation, they secrete prostanoids, which are produced by cyclooxygenase from arachidonic acid. Prostanoids influence inflammation and immune responses. We investigated the effect of propofol on prostaglandin E(2) and thromboxane B(2) production by the human monocytic cell line THP-1. ⋯ Propofol may modulate inflammation via the suppression of cyclooxygenase activity. Through the inhibition of prostanoid production, propofol may enhance immune responses.
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Clinical prediction models estimate the risk of having or developing a particular outcome or disease. Researchers often develop a new model when a previously developed model is validated and the performance is poor. However, the model can be adjusted (updated) using the new data. The updated model is then based on both the development and validation data. We show how a simple updating method may suffice to update a clinical prediction model. ⋯ When a clinical prediction model in new patients does not show adequate performance, an alternative to developing a new model is to update the prediction model with new data. The updated model will be based on more patient data, and may yield better risk estimates.