Critical care medicine
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Critical care medicine · Jun 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialA dose-ranging study of midazolam for postoperative sedation of patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
To evaluate the dose range, efficacy, and safety of midazolam for induction of sedation of mechanically ventilated postoperative patients in the intensive care unit. ⋯ The proportion of patients who achieved a satisfactory level of sedation increased with an increasing dose of midazolam. Intravenous bolus injection of midazolam also dose-dependently reduced mean systolic arterial pressure. This study indicated that, balancing sedative efficacy and safety, from 0.03 to 0.06 mg/kg of midazolam provides relatively safe sedation in postoperative patients.
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Critical care medicine · Jun 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialSelective decontamination of the digestive tract to prevent postoperative infection: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in liver transplant patients.
To determine the efficacy of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) in patients undergoing elective transplantation of the liver. ⋯ Selective decontamination of the digestive tract does not prevent infection in patients undergoing elective liver transplantation and increases the cost of their care. It does, however, affect the type of infection. Infections with Gram-negative bacilli and with Candida species are replaced by infections with Gram-positive cocci.
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Critical care medicine · Jun 2002
ReviewClinical practice parameters for hemodynamic support of pediatric and neonatal patients in septic shock.
The Institute of Medicine has called for the development of clinical guidelines and practice parameters to develop "best practice" and potentially improve patient outcome. ⋯ American College of Critical Care Medicine adult guidelines for hemodynamic support of septic shock have little application to the management of pediatric or neonatal septic shock. Studies are required to determine whether American College of Critical Care Medicine guidelines for hemodynamic support of pediatric and neonatal septic shock will be implemented and associated with improved outcome.
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Critical care medicine · Jun 2002
Adrenal insufficiency in critically ill patients with human immunodeficiency virus.
The adrenal gland is the endocrine organ most commonly involved in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is important to recognize patients with adrenal insufficiency, because this disorder may be fatal if untreated. The incidence of adrenal insufficiency in critically ill HIV-infected patients is unclear, partly because different criteria are used to diagnose adrenal insufficiency. To help clarify the incidence of adrenal insufficiency in HIV-infected critically ill patients, we compared the incidence based on the stress cortisol concentration, low-dose corticotropin stimulation test, and high-dose corticotropin stimulation test. ⋯ There is a high incidence of adrenal insufficiency in critically ill HIV-infected patients that varies with the criteria used to diagnose adrenal insufficiency. The LD-ACTH stimulation test is more sensitive than the high-dose test for diagnosing adrenal insufficiency in this population. Because of the high incidence of inadequate adrenal function, all critically ill HIV-infected patients should undergo an evaluation for adrenal insufficiency with the stress cortisol concentration and LD-ACTH stimulation tests.
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Critical care medicine · Jun 2002
Catheter replacement in continuous arteriovenous hemodiafiltration: the balance between infectious and mechanical complications.
To assess the optimal moment of central vascular catheter replacement balancing infectious and mechanical complications in continuous renal replacement therapies in critically ill patients with acute renal failure. ⋯ When catheters were changed as clinically indicated, they remained significantly longer in situ vs. being replaced routinely every 5 days; infectious and mechanical complications were comparable. The incidence of catheter sepsis was low (2.2%), and no prosthesis infection occurred. Catheter replacement when clinically indicated seems to be as safe as routine replacement every 5 days.