Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine
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Pattern hair loss is the most common type of hair loss in both men and women. Scalp hair is typically affected in a characteristic distribution without other scalp or dermatologic findings. Early recognition and treatment can help halt its progression to preserve as much hair as possible. Both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments have proven helpful.
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Although echocardiography is fundamental in diagnosing infective endocarditis, sometimes it reveals no evidence of endocarditis while clinical indicators remain consistent with the diagnosis. In such cases, repeat imaging is necessary, and the appropriate timeline for it and whether it should be done with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), trans esophageal echocardiography (TEE), or an advanced imaging method are important.
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Most patients with cancer experience pain at some point in the disease course due to the disease itself or its treatment, or both. Pain management can involve pharmacologic (nonopioid medications, adjuvants, and opioids) and nonpharmacologic (radiation therapy, interventional procedures) therapies. This article provides a treatment approach to reduce pain for patients with cancer and improve their quality of life.
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Vaccination in pregnancy is an important part of maternity care, but maternal immunization rates continue to be below national benchmarks. Influenza and tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccinations have been shown to be safe and provide important protections to pregnant women, the fetus, and neonates. Although obstetrician-gynecologists provide the bulk of pregnancy care, general internists and medical specialists have frequent clinical encounters with maternity patients and should assist in immunization education and administration.