The Netherlands journal of medicine
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Anaemia is a common diagnosis for clinicians. This mini-review summarises criteria for diagnosing the cause of anaemia. Within the microcytic anaemias, iron-deficient anaemia is most common. ⋯ A normocytic anaemia, such as anaemia of chronic disease, is a diagnosis of exclusion. A macrocytic anaemia scheme is provided and differentiates based on reticulocyte count. We aim to provide the readers a clear overview of anaemia and when to refer to haematologists.
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We present a case with five auto-immune phenomena, including Sjögren's syndrome, for which we also diagnosed a tip lesion of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).v About one-third of Sjögren's syndrome patients have renal involvement, but FSGS is rarely reported. FSGS is thought to involve T-cell dysfunction and in this patient with multiple auto-immune phenomena, it may reflect a severe dysregulation of cellular immunity.