American journal of preventive medicine
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Review Meta Analysis
SES, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Race in the U.S.: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
The risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the U.S. is higher in individuals with low SES than in those with high SES. However, differences in these risks between African Americans and whites are unclear. ⋯ The risk of CKD in low SES (versus high SES) is higher in whites than in African Americans.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Yoga for Military Veterans with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is prevalent, especially among military veterans. Many cLBP treatment options have limited benefits and are accompanied by side effects. Major efforts to reduce opioid use and embrace nonpharmacological pain treatments have resulted. Research with community cLBP patients indicates that yoga can improve health outcomes and has few side effects. The benefits of yoga among military veterans were examined. ⋯ Yoga improved health outcomes among veterans despite evidence they had fewer resources, worse health, and more challenges attending yoga sessions than community samples studied previously. The magnitude of pain intensity decline was small, but occurred in the context of reduced opioid use. The findings support wider implementation of yoga programs for veterans.
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The associations of modifiable lifestyle risk factors with incident diabetes are not well investigated in African Americans (AAs). This study investigated the association of modifiable lifestyle risk factors (exercise, diet, smoking, TV watching, and sleep-disordered breathing burden) with incident diabetes among AAs. ⋯ A combination of modifiable lifestyle factors are associated with a lower risk of diabetes among AAs, particularly among those without obesity.
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HIV testing serves as an entry point for HIV care services for those who test HIV positive, and prevention services for those who test HIV negative. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends routine testing of adults and adolescents in healthcare settings. To identify missed opportunities for HIV testing at U.S. physicians' offices, data from the National Ambulatory Care Surveys from 2009 to 2012 were analyzed. ⋯ Important opportunities exist to increase HIV testing coverage at U.S. physicians' offices. Structural interventions, such as routine opt-out testing policies, electronic medical record notifications, and use of non-clinical staff for testing could be implemented to increase HIV testing in these settings.
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Firearm violence injures or kills 100,000 Americans each year. This paper applies the Host-Agent-Vector-Environment model to this issue. Research on firearm violence tends to focus on two elements-the host (i.e., victims of firearm violence) and the environment (i.e., gun policies)-but little attention has been paid to the agent (the gun and ammunition) or the vector (firearm manufacturers, dealers, and the industry lobby). ⋯ Trends in firearm manufacturing reveal a shift toward more-lethal weapons, and this trend is also observed in gun purchases and crime gun traces. This may reflect a societal shift in cultural practices and norms related to guns and could inform strategies to reduce firearm violence.