American journal of preventive medicine
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Review Meta Analysis
SES, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Race in the U.S.: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
The risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the U.S. is higher in individuals with low SES than in those with high SES. However, differences in these risks between African Americans and whites are unclear. ⋯ The risk of CKD in low SES (versus high SES) is higher in whites than in African Americans.