American journal of preventive medicine
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Prediabetes has been a growing health problem in China, and it is a high-risk state for developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In previous studies, low grip strength has been associated with diabetes. However, few population-based studies have examined the relationship between grip strength and prediabetes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether grip strength is related to prediabetes in a large-scale adult population. ⋯ Increased grip strength is independently associated with lower prevalence of prediabetes in Chinese adults, suggesting that grip strength may be a useful marker for screening individuals at risk of prediabetes.
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Energy drinks refer to non-alcoholic beverages that contain caffeine, amino acids, herbs, and vitamins. Although energy drinks are marketed to reduce fatigue and improve physical/mental performance, frequent consumption of these beverages has been linked to negative health consequences. The purpose of this study is to provide timely, national estimates of the percentage of energy drink consumers in the U.S. and to analyze trends in energy drink intake between 2003 and 2016. ⋯ These findings indicate that consumption of energy drinks has grown substantially and that these drinks are a major source of caffeine among those who consume them.
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Roadside sobriety checkpoints are an intervention in which law enforcement officers stop passing vehicles to check whether drivers are impaired. There is clear evidence that a program of roadside sobriety checkpoints is an effective approach to reducing alcohol-involved motor vehicle crashes, likely because of general deterrent effects across the entire population of drivers. The aim of this study is to assess the duration of time over which individual roadside sobriety checkpoints are associated with alcohol-involved motor vehicle crashes, within the context of a broader checkpoint program. ⋯ Individual roadside sobriety checkpoints affected alcohol-involved motor vehicle crashes in Los Angeles, California for approximately 1 week. The temporal configuration of individual checkpoints is an important consideration when designing an overall roadside sobriety checkpoint program.
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The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a food assistance program that helps Americans afford a healthy diet. However, its influence on children's weight status is unclear. This review examined the evidence of the relationship between SNAP participation and child weight. ⋯ SNAP participation may help boys maintain a healthy body weight but can be a contributing factor in being overweight or obese in girls who are long-term participants, or who are already overweight. Food security and participation in multiple food assistance programs may be important modifiers. These findings are relevant to policymakers who are considering reducing SNAP funding or restructuring the program. Further research that utilizes strong designs is needed.
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Although research suggests that youth e-cigarette experimentation is associated with later combustible cigarette experimentation, it is unclear how this relates to habitual smoking. This study assesses how minors' patterns of combustible cigarette and e-cigarette experimentation relate to habitual smoking at ages 18-21 years. ⋯ Minors who tried combustible cigarettes were more likely to be habitual smokers at ages 18-21 years than those who tried e-cigarettes alone.