American journal of preventive medicine
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E-cigarette use increased dramatically among U.S. students during 2017-2019, and school plays an important role in preventing and reducing youth substance use. This study examines the prevalence and correlates of self-reported youth observation of e-cigarette use on school grounds. ⋯ E-cigarette use is common on school grounds, and youth observation of vaping in schools may increase the risk of initiating tobacco use in the future. School vaping policy and education programs are needed to curb youth e-cigarette use.
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The trends in e-cigarette prevalence and population count of users according to cigarette smoking histories are unknown. These data are needed to inform public health actions against a rapidly changing U.S. e-cigarette market. ⋯ The continuous increase among younger-adult never smokers suggests a rise in primary nicotine initiation with e-cigarettes. The concomitant increase among near-term quitters of all age groups suggests continuing e-cigarette use among smokers who may have switched from cigarettes previously.
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Review Meta Analysis
Nonexercise Interventions for Prevention of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Armed Forces: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
This study evaluates the effect of nonexercise interventions on the reduction of risk for musculoskeletal injuries in armed forces. ⋯ Although an evidence base for the efficacy of preventive interventions for musculoskeletal injuries in armed forces is weak, there are some indications for the preventive effect of shock-absorbing insoles, basketball shoes, padded polyester socks, supplementation of calcium alone or combined with vitamin D, protein supplementation, and dynamic patellofemoral braces on the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries.
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The opioid crisis is a pervasive public health threat in the U.S. Simulation modeling approaches that integrate a systems perspective are used to understand the complexity of this crisis and analyze what policy interventions can best address it. However, limitations in currently available data sources can hamper the quantification of these models. ⋯ This article provides an important step in identifying and discussing data challenges in opioid research generally and opioid systems modeling specifically. It also identifies opportunities for systems modelers and government agencies to improve opioid systems models.
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The impact of Medicaid expansion on linkage to care, self-maintenance, and treatment among low-income adults with diabetes was examined. ⋯ Although health insurance, ability to afford a physician visit, and foot examinations increased for Medicaid-eligible people with diabetes, there was no statistically significant difference found for other care continuum measures.