American journal of preventive medicine
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Neighborhood violence is an adverse childhood experience which impacts millions of U.S. children and is associated with poor health outcomes across the life course. These effects may be mitigated by access to care. Yet, the ways in which exposure to neighborhood violence shapes children's health care access have been understudied. ⋯ In this nationally representative study, neighborhood violence exposure among children was associated with unmet health needs and increased acute care utilization. Evidence-based interventions to improve access to care and reduce economic precarity in communities impacted by violence are needed to mitigate downstream physical and mental health consequences.
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This study investigated the prevalence of past 30-day cannabis use among U.S. youth by cigarette use, alcohol use, demographics, and state-of-residence cannabis legal status in 2021 and examined whether changes in cannabis use prevalence were modified by these factors from 2013 to 2021. ⋯ Public health officials should carefully consider the potential impact of expanding commercialization of cannabis as a wellness product on youth cannabis use, especially with regard to minoritized populations and co-use with tobacco and alcohol. National and state-level public health education on cannabis use and youth-oriented prevention of cannabis uptake are long overdue.
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Review Meta Analysis
Smartphone Applications to Prevent type 2 Diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Evidence supporting the use of apps for lifestyle behavior change and diabetes prevention in people at high risk of diabetes is lacking. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the acceptability and effectiveness of smartphone applications (apps) for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. ⋯ Smartphone apps have a promising effect on preventing type 2 diabetes by supporting weight loss. Future robust trials should include diverse populations in co-design and evaluation of apps and explore the role of artificial intelligence in further personalizing interventions for higher engagement and effectiveness.
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Review
Parks, Trails, and Greenways for Physical Activity: A Community Guide Systematic Economic Review.
This systematic economic review examined the cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness of park, trail, and greenway infrastructure interventions to increase physical activity or infrastructure use. ⋯ The evidence shows that economic benefits exceed the intervention cost of park, trail, and greenway infrastructure. Given large differences in the size of infrastructure, intervention costs and economic benefits varied substantially across studies. There was insufficient number of studies to determine the cost-effectiveness of these interventions.
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This study develops a practical method to triage Army transitioning service members (TSMs) at highest risk of homelessness to target a preventive intervention. ⋯ Machine learning can help target outreach and assessment of TSMs for homeless prevention interventions.