American journal of preventive medicine
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Review Meta Analysis
Hepatitis C cascade of care in the direct-acting antivirals era: a meta-analysis.
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic remains a public health problem worldwide. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to provide evidence of outcomes attained across the HCV care cascade in the era of direct-acting antivirals. ⋯ Despite the availability of effective all-oral direct-acting antiviral therapies, persistent gaps remain across the HCV care cascade, especially among traditionally marginalized populations. Public health interventions targeting identified priority areas (e.g., emergency departments) may improve screening and healthcare retention of vulnerable populations with HCV infection (e.g., substance use disorder populations).
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Review
Parks, Trails, and Greenways for Physical Activity: A Community Guide Systematic Economic Review.
This systematic economic review examined the cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness of park, trail, and greenway infrastructure interventions to increase physical activity or infrastructure use. ⋯ The evidence shows that economic benefits exceed the intervention cost of park, trail, and greenway infrastructure. Given large differences in the size of infrastructure, intervention costs and economic benefits varied substantially across studies. There was insufficient number of studies to determine the cost-effectiveness of these interventions.
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HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective when taken as prescribed. Digital health adherence interventions have been identified as effective for improving antiretroviral therapy adherence among people with HIV, but limited evidence exists for PrEP adherence interventions among people without HIV. The purpose of this Community Guide systematic review was to present the characteristics and effectiveness of digital PrEP adherence interventions. ⋯ Digital health adherence interventions with different strategies to improve PrEP and HIV-related outcomes were identified. The small number of studies identified is a limitation. Findings from this review served as the basis for the Community Preventive Services Task Force recommendation to use these interventions to increase PrEP adherence to prevent HIV infection.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Social Acceptability of Health Behavior Posts on Social Media: An Experiment.
Social media sites like Twitter (now X) are increasingly used to create health behavior metrics for public health surveillance. Yet little is known about social norms that may bias the content of posts about health behaviors. Social norms for posts about four health behaviors (smoking tobacco, drinking alcohol, physical activity, eating food) on Twitter/X were evaluated. ⋯ Perceived social acceptability may be associated with the frequency and content of health behavior posts. Users of Twitter/X and other social media platform posts to estimate health behavior prevalence should account for potential estimation biases from perceived social acceptability of posts.
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Many nonregulatory interventions targeting children and youth have been implemented at three levels: directed at the individual (e.g., interactive video games), delivered to students at school (e.g., campus bans), and launched in the community (e.g., mass media campaigns). This systematic review aims to synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing e-cigarette initiation among children and youth. ⋯ Some individual- and school-based interventions showed promise for preventing e-cigarette initiation among children and youth.