American journal of preventive medicine
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Federal guidelines recommend physical activity throughout the day for preschool-aged children. Time playing outdoors can support physical activity participation, health, and development. Estimates of time playing outdoors among U.S. children aged 3-5 years have not been published. ⋯ Nearly 40% of preschool-aged children play outdoors for ≤1 hour per day on weekdays, with differences by sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics. Further study and interventions focused on building supportive, equitable communities might increase the amount of time preschool-aged children spend playing outdoors.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Randomized trial to improve children's body composition and micronutrient status among South African Children.
Physical activity (PA) promotion combined with multimicronutrient supplementation (MMNS) among school-age children may reduce fat mass accrual and increase muscle mass through different mechanisms and so benefit child health. This study determined the efficacy of combined interventions on body composition among South African schoolchildren and determined if micronutrients mediate these effects. ⋯ PA and MMNS promotion in school-based interventions directly contributed to reductions in FM and increased FFM among South African children and indirectly through changes in micronutrient status.
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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the updated 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccines by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna on September 11, 2023. Despite the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's recommendation that everyone aged ≥6 years receive the updated COVID-19 vaccine, the general public's intentions to receive the new 2023-2024 vaccine are unknown. ⋯ This study demonstrates demographic differences in attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination intentions and highlights the importance of promotional messages and initiatives that target more hesitant populations. These messages should address possible side effects and vaccine safety.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Smoking Cessation by Cancer Treatment Status among Cervical Cancer Survivors.
Continued smoking following a cancer diagnosis is associated with poorer cancer treatment outcomes and survival times. Little is known about how cancer treatment status at the time of tobacco treatment enrollment impacts long-term smoking cessation outcomes. Using data from a smoking cessation RCT, this study compared long-term cessation outcomes of women undergoing active treatment for cervical cancer at trial enrollment (n=40) to outcomes of women with a history of cervical cancer or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) who were not undergoing active cancer treatment at enrollment (n=154). ⋯ Further research is necessary to identify and overcome barriers to abstinence among cancer survivors undergoing active treatment.
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Observational Study
Trends in fatal opioid-related overdose in American Indian/Alaska Native Communities 1999-2021.
Opioid-related overdose mortality rates have increased sharply in the U.S. over the past two decades, and inequities across racial and ethnic groups have been documented. Opioid-related overdose trends among American Indian and Alaska Natives require further quantification and assessment. ⋯ Sharp increases in opioid-related overdose mortality rates among American Indian and Alaska Native communities are evident by age and Hispanic ethnicity, highlighting the need for culturally sensitive fatal opioid-related overdose prevention, opioid use disorder treatment, and harm-reduction efforts. Future research should aim to understand the underlying factors contributing to these high mortality rates and employ interventions that leverage the strengths of American Indian and Alaska Native culture, including the strong sense of community.