Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Jul 2014
Review Meta AnalysisSystematic review: interactions between aspirin, and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and polymorphisms in relation to colorectal cancer.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) include aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA). Long-term use of NSAIDs has been associated with lowered risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the use is hampered by adverse effects. Also, the anti-carcinogenic effects of NSAIDs are incompletely understood. Understanding biological effects of NSAIDs may help developing new preventive medical strategies. ⋯ Knowledge of underlying biological effects of NSAIDs in relation to CRC is scarce and the basis for stratifying the patients for preventive treatment is not yet available. Further studies assessing interactions between long-term NSAID exposure and genetic variation in relation to CRC are warranted in large well-characterised prospective cohorts.
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Sep 2013
Meta AnalysisMeta-analysis: Lactobacillus GG for treating acute gastroenteritis in children--updated analysis of randomised controlled trials.
The efficacy of each probiotic should be evaluated separately. Previously, we have shown that Lactobacillus GG (LGG) is effective in treating acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. ⋯ Lactobacillus GG reduces the duration of diarrhoea. A subset of patients that is more likely to benefit includes subjects treated with a high daily dose of LGG (≥10¹⁰ CFU/day) who are either in-patients or out-patients from geographical Europe. Given the methodological limitations of many of the included trials, the evidence should be viewed with caution.
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Jun 2013
Review Meta AnalysisMeta-analysis: peri-operative anti-TNFα treatment and post-operative complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
The impact of peri-operative use of TNFα antagonists on post-operative complications such as infection and wound healing is controversial. ⋯ Anti-TNFα therapies appear to increase the risk of post-operative complications. The increase in risk is small, and may well reflect residual confounding rather than a true biological effect. Nevertheless, physicians should exercise caution when continuing biological therapies during the peri-operative period.
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Jan 2013
Meta AnalysisSafety and efficacy of liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and elevated liver enzymes: individual patient data meta-analysis of the LEAD program.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has reached epidemic proportions in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues are licensed in T2D, yet little data exist on efficacy and safety in liver injury. ⋯ Twenty-six weeks' liraglutide 1.8 mg is safe, well tolerated and improves liver enzymes in patients with type 2 diabetes. This effect appears to be mediated by its action on weight loss and glycaemic control.
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Oct 2012
Meta AnalysisMeta-analysis: the safety and efficacy of vaptans (tolvaptan, satavaptan and lixivaptan) in cirrhosis with ascites or hyponatraemia.
Vaptans may correct hyponatraemia and mobilise ascites through an increased excretion of water. The effect on clinical outcomes is debated. ⋯ Vaptans have a small beneficial effect on hyponatraemia and ascites, but do not affect mortality, complications to cirrhosis or renal failure. The data do not support the routine use of vaptans in cirrhosis.