Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift
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Wien Med Wochenschr · Jan 1997
Review[Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections in childhood].
The children at greatest risk for kidney damage are infants and young children with febrile urinary tract infection in whom effective treatment is delayed, those with gross vesico-urethral reflux, and those with anatomic or neurogenic urinary tract obstruction. Evaluation and management of pediatric patients with urinary tract infections are summarized.
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Wien Med Wochenschr · Jan 1997
[Sexually transmitted liver diseases: infection risk and prevention possibilities].
Sexual exposures every time were associated with increased risks for transmission of infectious agents. In the different kinds of infectious hepatitis actual hepatitis B is sexual transmitted mainly. ⋯ There is no strong correlation between viral load and risk of transmission by sexual contacts. Like in other infectious diseases including the HIV-infection only the use of condoms and avoiding of unprotected sexual intercourse is the most effective preventive measure.
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Wien Med Wochenschr · Jan 1997
Comparative Study[Pupillary diameter and pupillary reactions in heroin dependent patients and in patients participating in a methadone and morphine replacement program].
The computer-assisted static and dynamic light evoked pupillometry (TV-pupillometer 1050, Whittaker Corp.) had been proved to be a sensitive procedure for assessment of the effect of psychoactive drugs. Therefore, this method was used in 26 heroin dependent patients (mean age 24.42 years), 20 methadone substituted patients (mean age 29.75), and 20 morphine-substituted patients (mean age 30.65 years) to answer the question whether there were no differences within the patient groups but significant differences between the patients and healthy normals. ⋯ Onset latency revealed no differences within the patient groups and between patient groups and healthy controls respectively. Thus the variable pupillary diameter and relative change could be used to assess the additional application of opiates in patients participating in a substitution program.
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Advance directives are written documents which tell what a person wants or does not want if he/she in the future cannot make his/her wishes known about medical treatment. There are three major forms of advance directives in the US: living will, durable power of attorney, and medical directive. Even though advance directives have been used for over 25 years, probably no more than 20% of Americans have prepared a written directive. ⋯ Progress in developing useful advance directives cannot stop with existing documents. A critical evaluation of advance directives and the development of new ideas will be necessary. Therein, the most important area for future efforts is empirical research.
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Therapy of hyperuricemia and gout has to depend on pathogenesis and stage of the disease. Dietary regimen are in the forefront in treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia. ⋯ Gouty arthritis in intermission, independent of the extent of hyperuricemia, as well as chronic gout are indications for an uric acid lowering pharmacotherapy, usually for life. A special therapeutic challenge arises out of renal complications and the frequent association with the metabolic syndrome.