Brain injury : [BI]
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2013
Neuropathology of prolonged unresponsive wakefulness syndrome after blunt head injury: review of 100 post-mortem cases.
Recently, 'unresponsive wakefulness syndrome' (UWS) was coined for challenging conditions previously termed vegetative state or apallic syndrome. ⋯ These and other data confirm the importance of the pattern and extent of brainstem damage for the prognosis of UWS, only small peripheral lesions in pontine tegmentum allowing progressive remission.
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Intracranial stab wounds are low-velocity, penetrating injuries to the brain and fatality and outcome significantly depend on route, depth and location of cranial penetration. Due to the effective barrier provided by the adult calvarium, most injuries occur through the orbitae or temporal regions where bony layers are thin. Self-inflicted intracranial stab wounds are an even rarer form of traumatic brain injury, with common entry points being the orbital space and the nose. Intracranial brainstem injuries mostly result in death, with reported penetration areas being the pons or midbrain. ⋯ Self-inflicted transcranial injuries have been mentioned only briefly and sporadically in the literature. This article highlights a rare case of self-inflicted intracranial stabbing with a not yet reported entry route and brainstem lesion. Unlike the other fatal outcomes associated with such injuries, the patient underwent full neurological and functional recovery through a comprehensive approach that included intensive rehabilitation.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2013
Neurometabolic and microstructural alterations following a sports-related concussion in female athletes.
Sports-related concussions are a major public health concern affecting millions of individuals annually. Neurometabolic and microstructural alterations have been reported in the chronic phase following a concussion in male athletes, while no study has investigated these alterations in female athletes. ⋯ This study demonstrates persistent neurometabolic and microstructural alterations in female athletes suffering a sports-related concussion.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2013
'If I haven't got any smell … I'm out of work': consequences of olfactory impairment following traumatic brain injury.
Although estimates of the incidence of post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction range from 10-66.8%, there has been little research into its functional implications. The objective of this study was to describe the impact of olfactory impairment on daily activities and social participation from the perspective of adults who are living with the impairment. ⋯ The themes that emerged demonstrated olfactory dysfunction has significant impact on a range of activities and social roles.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2013
Acute and sustained isoflurane neuroprotection: the effect of culture age and duration of oxygen and glucose deprivation.
Organotypic hippocampal slice (OHS) cultures provide the opportunity to dissect factors influencing volatile anaesthetic neuroprotective efficacy. It was hypothesized that three conditions-OHS culture age, oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) duration and day of evaluation for cell death after OGD-influence isoflurane's ability to provide acute and sustained protection against OGD-induced cell death. ⋯ In OHS, acute and sustained isoflurane neuroprotection in OGD-induced cell death is dependent on the conditions being studied.