Brain injury : [BI]
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2014
Incidence of hospital-admitted severe traumatic brain injury and in-hospital fatality rates in a Pacific Island country: a 5-year retrospective study.
Epidemiology of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is poorly defined in the Pacific region, including in New Caledonia. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, causes and outcome of hospital-admitted severe TBI in the whole population of New Caledonia. ⋯ The high incidence of hospital-admitted patients with severe TBI in this study combined with high in-ICU mortality rates supports the need for targeted public health action to prevent assaults and traffic road accidents in this vulnerable population.
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Many troops deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan have sustained blast-related, closed-head injuries from being within non-lethal distance of detonated explosive devices. Little is known, however, about the mechanisms associated with blast exposure that give rise to traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study attempts to identify the precise conditions of focused stress wave energy within the brain, resulting from blast exposure, which will correlate with a threshold for persistent brain injury. ⋯ The predictions reported herein will simplify efforts to correlate simulation predictions with clinical measures of TBI and aid in the development of protective headwear.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2014
A history of unemployment or sick leave influences long-term functioning and health-related quality-of-life after severe traumatic brain injury.
The consequences of pre-morbid factors in adults with severe traumatic brain injury have not been widely addressed. This study aimed to determine whether being unemployed or on sick leave before injury influences long-term health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) and functioning in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. ⋯ These results should be considered when refining outcome predictions and optimizing rehabilitation interventions for patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2014
Clinical correlations of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in acute phase after mild traumatic brain injury.
Standard brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is typically normal in most patients after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) is more sensitive to detect subtle post-traumatic changes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical correlations of these changes in the acute phase (within 3 days) after MTBI. ⋯ This study found a correlation of ¹H-MRS metabolite changes with cognitive decline and presence or absence of loss of consciousness in the acute phase after MTBI.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2014
Acute and longitudinal changes in motor cortex function following mild traumatic brain injury.
To evaluate excitability and inhibition of the motor cortex acutely and longitudinally following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). ⋯ mTBI appeared to have little effect on cortical excitability, but an acute and long-lasting effect on intra-cortical inhibition.