Brain injury : [BI]
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2015
Mild traumatic brain injury defined by Glasgow Coma Scale: Is it really mild?
Conventionally, a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13-15 defines mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The aim of this study was to identify the factors that predict progression on repeat head computed tomography (RHCT) and neurosurgical intervention (NSI) in patients categorized as mild TBI with intracranial injury (intracranial haemorrhage and/or skull fracture). ⋯ In patients with intracranial injury, a mild GCS score (GCS 13-15) in patients with an intracranial injury does not preclude progression on repeat head CT and the need for a neurosurgical intervention. Base deficit greater than four and displaced skull fracture are the greatest predictors for neurosurgical intervention in patients with mild TBI and an intracranial injury.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2015
Historical ArticleHistory of neuropsychological study of sport-related concussion.
Although the medical literature has a long history of description and comment on concussion, the occurrence of concussion within the context of sports other than boxing was not judged to be problematic until the 1980s. Neuropsychological assessment played a critical and integral role in identifying the cognitive sequelae of concussion and mapping out the short- and long-term vagaries in recovery. This paper captures that history and expands upon current applications of neuropsychological assessment in the diagnosis and management of sport-related concussion.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2015
Case ReportsKnee pain relief with genicular nerve blockage in two brain injured patients with heterotopic ossification.
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the ectopic bone formation in non-osseous tissues. This study aimed to present two patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who had HO in knee joint and pain relief after genicular nerve blockage. Case 1: A 14-year-old patient with TBI was admitted with bilateral knee pain and limited range of motion. Physical examination and x-ray graphics revealed calcification which was diagnosed as HO. Ultrasonography (US) guided genicular nerve blockage was performed to both knees with 2 ml lidocaine and 1 ml betamethasone. VAS of pain was decreased to 30 mm from 80 mm. At 6-month follow-up, VAS of pain was still 30 mm. Case 2: A 29-year-old patient with TBI was admitted for rehabilitation. He had right knee pain and his pain was 80 mm according to VAS. Investigation revealed HO. US guided genicular nerve blockage was performed to the right knee and pain was decreased to 20 mm. ⋯ US guided genicular nerve blockage can provide pain relief in HO and this technique may be effective and alternative for pain relief in patients with neurogenic knee HO to increase patient's compliance.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2015
Case ReportsSyria civil war: Outcomes of humanitarian neurosurgical care provided to Syrian wounded refugees in Israel.
As an expected consequence of the civil war in Syria, emergent neurosurgical care for battlefield trauma has been provided for severely head-injured Syrians transferred to Northern Israel. ⋯ The present findings suggest that aggressive surgery and neuro-intensive care measures may lead to good functional results, even in the presence of seemingly devastating injuries in some selected patients.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2015
Trends in incidence and severity of sports-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the emergency department, 2006-2011.
To characterize and identify trends in sports-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) emergency department (ED) visits from 2006-2011. ⋯ Changes in year-over-year presentation rates vs. hospitalization rates among young athletes suggest that players, coaches and parents may be more aware of sports-related TBI and have developed lower thresholds for seeking medical attention.