Brain injury : [BI]
-
Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2019
Severe acquired brain injury aetiologies, early clinical factors, and rehabilitation outcomes: a retrospective study on pediatric patients in rehabilitation.
Objective: Studies on pediatric severe acquired brain injury (sABI) outcomes focused mostly on single etiologies, not clarifying the independent role of clinical factors, and scantly explored inter-dependence between variables. We assessed associations of clinical factors at admission with essential outcomes, controlling for inter-dependence and sABI etiology. Methods: We reviewed the clinical records of 280 patients with traumatic and 292 with non-traumatic sABI, discharged from intensive care to pediatric neurological rehabilitation. ⋯ Factor analysis of inter-dependence between GCS, time before rehabilitation, dysautonomia, device use, produced the indicators "injury severity" and "neurological dysfunction", independent from sABI etiology, age, sex, and admittance GOS. Multivariate analyzes showed that: coma duration, GOS outcome, and length of stay, which may depend on rehabilitation courses, were directly associated with injury severity, neurological dysfunction, and patients' age; death and persistent vegetative states were also associated with etiology. Conclusion: Future studies should analyze larger cohorts and investigate mechanisms linking specific etiologies and patients' age with outcomes.
-
Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2019
Cerebral blood flow in children and adolescents several years after concussion.
The long-term effects of concussion in youth remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the association between history of concussion and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in youth. ⋯ Youth with a history of concussion demonstrate differences in regional CBF (not global CBF), but without clear clinical expression.
-
Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2019
Multicenter Study Comparative Study Observational StudyComparison of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory and the Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire.
Objective: This study sought to determine the similarity of constructs measured by the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and Rivermead Postconcussive Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) and the potential for interchangeability of scores from the two scales. Setting: Three acute inpatient rehabilitation hospitals in the USA. Participants: 497 community dwelling persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who completed the NSI and the RPQ during the same assessment. ⋯ A crosswalk between the two measures was created by equating scores from the scales based on percentile ranks. Conclusion: Results indicate substantial conceptual and empirical overlap between the NSI and RPQ. The percentile crosswalk developed from this dataset may allow combined analysis of post-concussive symptoms from datasets that include either the NSI or the RPQ.
-
Background: It is essential to identify factors that predict helmet use, so as to mitigate the injury and mortality from bicycle accidents. Objective: To examine the relationship between helmet use and the bicycle-related trauma injury outcomes among bicyclists with head/neck injury in the US. Methods: Data from the 2002-2012 National Trauma Data Bank were used, including all trauma bicycle riders involved in bicycle-related accidents whose primary reason for the hospital or Intensive Care Unit stay was head or neck injury. ⋯ Males had a severe injury, longer HLOS, ICULOS, and higher mortality than female. Blacks and Hispanics had longer HLOS and ICULOS and higher total mortality than Whites, but had a similar chance for in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: More effort is needed to enhance helmet use among at-risk bicycle riders, which may reduce injury severity, HLOS, ICULOS, and mortality.
-
Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2019
Assessing aggression following Acquired Brain Injury (ABI): a systematic review of assessment measures.
Objective: To conduct a systematic review to identify and examine the reliability and validity of standardized measures used to assess aggression in people with ABI. Data sources: Systematic searches of PsychInfo, Medline, Embase, PubMed and CINAHL databases along with hand searching of gray literature and review articles. Study selection: Studies were included if the sample had an ABI, and the measure included assessment of aggression. ⋯ Four measures (MBPC-1990R, NFI, SASNOS and KSMS) demonstrated positive evidence of at least one psychometric property with good quality evidence. Conclusions: Although a large number of general measures were available, there are few measures that only assess post-ABI aggression, and many are not well-validated. Future research should assess the psychometric properties of these measures.