Brain injury : [BI]
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2015
Prevalence of mental health conditions after military blast exposure, their co-occurrence, and their relation to mild traumatic brain injury.
To measure common psychiatric conditions after military deployment with blast exposure and test relationships to post-concussion syndrome (PCS) symptoms and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) history. ⋯ These findings support that psychiatric conditions beyond PTSD are common after military combat deployment with blast exposure. They also highlight the non-specificity of post-concussion type symptoms. While some researchers have implicated mTBI history as a contributor to post-deployment mental health conditions, no clear association was found. This may partly be due to the more rigorous method of retrospective mTBI diagnosis determination.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2015
How long is too long? The lack of consensus regarding the post-concussion syndrome diagnosis.
A standard definition of Post-concussion Syndrome (PCS) does not exist. The objective was to determine consensus regarding the definition of PCS among physician members of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). ⋯ There is a lack of consensus regarding the definition of PCS among physician members of the ACSM. A standard definition would improve consistency in concussion research and in clinical practise.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2015
Case ReportsInfluence of intrathecal baclofen on the level of consciousness and mental functions after extremely severe traumatic brain injury: brief report.
Whenever oral treatment or botulinum toxin injections fail to control severe spasticity, a trial with intrathecal baclofen is recommended no earlier than 1 year after brain injury. When irreversible contractures are to be avoided, such a trial might be done earlier. Some have briefly reported cognitive modifications with this treatment. ⋯ Intrathecal baclofen should be considered within the first year after brain injury whenever spasticity does not respond to medication. ITB lessens the degree of spasticity which in turn facilitates care and, thus, has the potential to limit contractures. After severe brain injury, this treatment might trigger recovery from altered states of consciousness, improve cognition and facilitate rehabilitation.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2015
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyNeuroanatomical basis of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity: a diffusion tensor imaging analysis.
Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is observed in a sub-set of patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The neuroanatomical basis of PSH is poorly understood. It is hypothesized that PSH is linked to changes in connectivity within the central autonomic network. ⋯ Disconnection involving the posterior corpus callosum and of the posterior limb of the internal capsule may play a role in the pathogenesis or expression of PSH.
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The aim of this literature review was to systematically describe the sequential metabolic changes that occur following concussive injury, as well as identify and characterize the major concepts associated with the neurochemical cascade. ⋯ Concussive injury initiates a complex cascade of pathophysiological changes that include hyper-acute ionic flux, indiscriminant excitatory neurotransmitter release, acute hyperglycolysis and sub-acute metabolic depression. Additionally, these metabolic changes can subsequently lead to impaired neurotransmission, alternate fuel usage and modifications in synaptic plasticity and protein expression. The combination of these metabolic alterations has been proposed to cause the transient and prolonged neurological deficits that typically characterize concussion. Consequently, understanding the implications of the neurochemical cascade may lead to treatment and return-to-play guidelines that can minimize the chronic effects of concussive injury.