Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of violations of the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes (World Health Organization [WHO] Code) in Ecuador's two main cities, Quito and Guayaquil. ⋯ The fact that the WHO Code was violated many times in Quito and Guayaquil strengthens the need for regulatory mechanisms and for the promotion of breastfeeding by multiple sectors.
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Meta Analysis
Green tea consumption and risk for esophageal cancer: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
Controversial results of the association between green tea consumption and risk for esophageal cancer (EC) were reported by previous meta-analysis. Thus, the aim of this study was to quantitatively investigate the association. ⋯ Contrary to previous studies, based on current evidence, the present dose-response study suggested no association between green tea and risk for EC. However, there might be a protective effect of green tea in women. Notably, our conclusion might be influenced by limited studies and potential bias, such as dose of green tea assessment and select bias of case-control studies. Further larger number, prospective, and well-designed larger-scale studies are needed to provide more precise evidence, especially in women and more regions (United States and Europe).
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Whole grain intake favorably affects blood glucose and serum triacylglycerols in overweight and obese children: A randomized controlled crossover clinical trial.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of whole grain consumption on the metabolic profiles of overweight or obese children. ⋯ This study provided evidence supporting the beneficial effects of whole grain foods on serum concentrations of glucose, triacylglycerols and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in overweight children.
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Hand grip strength (HGS) is frequently used in clinical practice, resulting in a potential marker of nutritional status. This study aimed to develop reference values of HGS in Italian women with different categories of body mass index (BMI). Additionally, the main predictors of HGS were identified. ⋯ This study defined the normal reference values of HGS in Italian women with different BMI ranges, stratifying the sample group by age. Additionally, the main predictors of HGS were assessed for each BMI tertile. In primary malnutrition (T1), the main predictor of HGS was body weight, whereas in the other two tertiles (T2, T3), the PhA was the main predictor of HGS.
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Information is limited regarding the possible relationship between diet-related inflammation and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study investigated the association between the inflammatory potential of the diet, measured by the dietary inflammatory index (DII), and GDM risk in pregnant Chinese women. ⋯ These findings suggest that a higher DII score, corresponding to a more proinflammatory diet, is associated with a higher risk of GDM, particularly in pregnant women who were overweight or obese before pregnancy.