Nutrition
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Growing evidence suggests that changes in muscle mass and function may further contribute to health risk assessment in individuals who are obese. As numbers for both obese and aged population subgroups are increasing worldwide, sarcopenic obesity is emerging as a relevant factor associated with higher risk for adverse events and outcomes in several clinical settings, including cancer. ⋯ Importantly, sarcopenic obesity may also have an effect on chemotherapy, as it may induce a higher risk for dose-limiting-toxicity. The aim of this review was to present an updated overview on the definition, effects, mechanisms, and clinical relevance of sarcopenia in this setting.
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Patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) are at risk for eating difficulties. Adequate nutritional support is important to promote enhanced recovery and to reduce postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate two nutritional protocols and their effect on total protein intake during the first 7 d after LT. ⋯ A nutritional protocol with a higher rate of EN and high-protein ONS resulted in a higher protein intake early after LT. However, there was no difference in severe postoperative outcomes between the two nutritional protocols.
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The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns (DPs) and analyze their association with cardiovascular risk factors including metabolic biomarkers and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in a cross-sectional population-based study with 959 Brazilian adults from Viçosa. ⋯ The Snacks and Processed Food DP was associated with increases in several risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and the Healthy DP with lower HOMA-IR scores, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-8, and catalase. A diet based on rice and beans (Traditional Brazilian) may have a protective role against non-HDL cholesterol while presenting other risks related to inflammation and oxidative stress, as shown by a direct association with the interleukins IL-12p70, IL-1β, and IL-10 and an inverse association with superoxide dismutase.
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Catheter/cannula-bloodstream infection (CBI) has been proposed as a marker of the quality of care provided to patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). However, surveillance criteria for CBI are variable, inconsistent, and sometimes confusing and impractical. Surveillance criteria were developed to simply and accurately demonstrate the presence or absence of CBI. The aim of this study was to establish a simple and valid surveillance tool, with consideration of changes in vital signs, to identify CBI in patients receiving PN. ⋯ A CBI tool shows promise as a surveillance instrument for benchmarking and interinstitutional comparisons of the care received by hospitalized patients given PN.