Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
The protein type within a hypocaloric diet affects obesity-related inflammation: the RESMENA project.
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two energy-restricted, differing with regard to protein content, on the inflammation state of obese individuals with features of metabolic syndrome. ⋯ Our results suggest that the type of protein consumed (more than the total protein consumed) within an energy-restricted diet influences the inflammation status associated with obesity-related comorbidities.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Oligofructose-enriched inulin improves some inflammatory markers and metabolic endotoxemia in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
Anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches are considered for the management of type 2 diabetes and for the prevention of its complications. There is limited evidence regarding the effects of prebiotics on inflammation, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. This trial aims to examine the effects of oligofructose-enriched inulin on glycemic status, inflammation markers, and metabolic endotoxemia in female patients. ⋯ In women with type 2 diabetes and suboptimal daily dietary fiber intake, oligofructose-enriched inulin may help to modulate some inflammatory markers.
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Experimental and epidemiologic data have confirmed that undernutrition or overnutrition during critical periods of life can result in metabolic dysfunction, leading to the development of obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, later in life. These studies have contributed to the concept of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), which involves metabolic programming patterns. Beyond the earlier phases of development, puberty can be an additional period of plasticity, during which any insult can lead to changes in metabolism. ⋯ Additionally, the pancreatic islets appear to play a decisive role in the setup and maintenance of these metabolic dysfunctions as key targets of metabolic programming, and epigenetic mechanisms may underlie these changes. Moreover, studies have indicated the possibility that deprogramming renders the islets able to recover their functioning after malprogramming. In this review, we discuss the key roles of the pancreatic islets as targets of malprogramming; however, we also discuss their roles as important targets for the treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases.
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Review Meta Analysis
Trend in the prevalence of obesity and overweight among Iranian children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Childhood obesity is an important predisposing factor for most non-communicable diseases. The aim of this review was to provide evidence on the prevalence and trends of childhood obesity and overweight in Iran. ⋯ This review, which is the first of its kind in the Middle East and North Africa, suggests that although the trend in the prevalence of childhood obesity in Iranian children is not considerably high, but the escalating trend of excess weight among young children is alarming and should be considered by providers of interventional preventive programs at national and regional levels.