Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to determine whether habitual dietary intake of fatty fish, whole grains, fruits and vegetables, or a combination of them all, is associated with oxidative stress levels, measured as urine concentration of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) in healthy women. ⋯ The results indicate that high intake of fatty fish is related to lower levels of oxidative stress, but high levels of ω-3 fatty acids in intake may not alone explain the effect. High habitual intake of whole grains or fruits and vegetables did not seem to affect the F2-isoprostane level.
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Controlled Clinical Trial
Maternal vitamin A supplementation increases natural antibody concentrations of preadolescent offspring in rural Nepal.
B1a lymphocytes-which constitutively produce most natural antibodies (NAb)-arise from an early wave of progenitors unique to fetal life. Vitamin A regulates early lymphopoiesis. In animals, deficiency during this critical period compromises B1 cell populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal supplementation with vitamin A or β-carotene from preconception through lactation on NAb concentrations of offspring. ⋯ In an undernourished population, maternal vitamin A supplementation enhanced NAb concentrations of preadolescent children. We posit that this was due to a greater allotment of B1a precursors during fetal life and a sustained higher count of NAb-secreting B1a cells.
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Controlled Clinical Trial
Disrupted fatty acid distribution in HDL and LDL according to apolipoprotein E allele.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) metabolism seems to be disrupted in carriers of the epsilon 4 allele of apolipoprotein E (E4+). The objective of this study was to investigate whether the ω-3 PUFA distribution in the high and low density lipoproteins is APOE-genotype dependant before and after supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs. ⋯ Contrary to what we anticipated, ω-3 PUFAs content? in HDL and LDL were not APOE isoform-dependant in young participants. However, young E4+ participants already had a tendency toward lower baseline-DHA levels in LDL particles as well as a more atherogenic ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio in LDL pre- and post-supplementation.
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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a health disorder that increases the risk for cardiovascular complications such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Some drugs used in patients with MetS are substrates of intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp), one of the most important efflux pumps that limit the absorption of xenobiotics. Thus, their bioavailability could be affected by changes in this transporter. Because one of the major causes of MetS in humans is excessive sugar intake, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a fructose-rich diet on intestinal P-gp activity and protein expression in male Sprague-Dawley rats. ⋯ The present study demonstrated that MetS-like conditions generated by enhanced fructose intake in rats decreased the protein expression and activity of ileal P-gp, thus increasing the bioavailability of P-gp substrates.