Nutrition
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by cartilage degradation in the affected joints. Pomegranate fruit extract (PFE) inhibits cartilage degradation in vitro. The aim of this study was to determine whether oral consumption of PFE inhibits disease progression in rabbits with surgically induced OA. ⋯ The present data highlight the chondroprotective effects of PFE oral consumption in a model of posttraumatic OA and suggest that PFE-derived compounds may have potential value in the management of OA.
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Nutritional aggression in critical periods may lead to epigenetic changes that affect gene expression. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of neonatal malnutrition on the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, and NLRP3 receptors, caspase-1 enzyme, and interleukin (IL)-1 β production in macrophages infected with methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) Staphylococcus aureus. ⋯ The neonatal malnutrition model compromised the expression of standard recognition receptors, of the caspase-1 enzyme as well as the production of IL-1 β. However, the S. aureus and neonatal malnutrition combination led to intense transcription of such innate immunity components. Therefore, the deregulation in the expression of TLR and NLRP3 receptors and of the caspase-1 enzyme may induce extensive tissue injury and favor the permanence and spread of these bacteria, especially those that are methicillin resistant.
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Dietary fiber consumption is associated with reduced risk for the development of noncommunicable diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cereal dietary fiber on the levels of proteins involved in lipolysis and thermogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) of C57 BL/6 J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). ⋯ Taken together, our results suggested that cereal dietary fiber enhanced adipocyte lipolysis by the cAMP-PKA-HSL pathway and promoted WAT browning by activation of UCP1, and consequently reduced visceral fat mass in response to HFD feeding.
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Acute inflammation is a normal response of tissue to an injury. During this process, inflammatory mediators are produced and metabolic alterations occur. Adipose tissue is metabolically activated, and upon food consumption, it disrupts the inflammatory response. However, little is known about the acute inflammatory response in joints that results from diet-induced adipose tissue remodeling. The objective of this study was to determine whether alterations in adipose tissue mass arising from food consumption modify the inflammatory response of antigen-induced joint inflammation in mice. ⋯ We demonstrated that attenuation of joint response induced by diet was independent of adipose tissue remodeling but could be associated with metabolic alterations.
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The use of probiotics to alleviate chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis is supported by clinical consensus. However, no studies to date, to our knowledge, have systematically analyzed the effects of a probiotic mixture on chemotherapy-induced mucositis or assessed changes in the intestinal microbiota after probiotic treatment. The aim of this study was to report the effects of a probiotic mixture, DM#1, on intestinal mucositis and dysbiosis of rats treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). ⋯ Administration of the probiotic mixture DM#1 ameliorated 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis and dysbiosis in rats.