Nutrition
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Comparative Study
Triponderal mass index rather than body mass index: An indicator of high adiposity in Italian children and adolescents.
The aims of this study were to compare body mass index (BMI) and triponderal mass index (TMI) as predictors of fat mass percentage (FM%) and to develop TMI cutoffs for screening high adiposity. Therefore, TMI- and BMI-based references against FM% criterion for indicating adiposity in Italian children and adolescents were compared. ⋯ TMI is a useful screening tool in pediatric clinical practice and epidemiologic studies concerning childhood obesity.
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It has been demonstrated that leptin influences the energy balance by regulating appetite and increasing energy expenditure (EE). However, the relationship between circulating leptin and EE is confounded owing to variations in body composition. The aim of this study was to determine the role of circulating leptin in energy regulation and to examine whether the leptin-mediated changes in EE are associated with adiposity among healthy adults living in Singapore. ⋯ Leptin may be a more significant predictor of normalized RMR than FM per se. The contribution of FM to RMR could be via a mechanism that is related to leptin-dependent responses involved in energy homeostasis.
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The aim of the study was to examine the combined associations between handgrip strength (HGS) and adherence to a Mediterranean diet with blood pressure (BP) in Chilean children. ⋯ Children with a high HGS levels (i.e., ≥80th percentile) may somewhat overcome the deleterious effects of low adherence to a Mediterranean diet. Therefore, these findings suggest that the combination of these two components of a healthy lifestyle, especially HGS may be beneficial to children's BP.
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Observational Study
Different methods for diagnosis of sarcopenia and its association with nutritional status and survival in patients with advanced cancer in palliative care.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between sarcopenia, diagnosed by different muscle mass measurement techniques, with nutritional status and overall survival in patients with advanced cancer under palliative care. ⋯ Sarcopenia diagnosed by MUAMA and CC could predict mortality and CC proved to be the best prognostic method for estimating OS in patients with advanced cancer in palliative care.
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Case Reports
Long-term ketone body therapy of severe multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: A case report.
Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is the most severe disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. Treatment of this disorder is difficult because the functional loss of the electron transfer flavoprotein makes energy supply from fatty acids impossible. Acetyl-CoA, provided by exogenous ketone bodies such as NaßHB, is the only treatment option in severe cases. Short-term therapy attempts have shown positive results. To our knowledge, no reports exist concerning long-term application of ketone body salts in patients with severe MADD. ⋯ Therapy with NaβHB is lifesaving in cases of severe MADD but can have significant adverse effects. Supplementation with CaβHB led to gastrointestinal discomfort and had no additional positive clinical effect. The determined tolerable dose of βHB salt for long-term therapy was not high enough for a notable increase of βHB concentrations in blood.