Nutrition
-
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a greater risk for osteoporosis and also influences skeletal muscle functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of vitamin D restriction on ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed a high-fat diet. ⋯ We provided evidence that a high-fat diet with vitamin D restriction influences bone and muscle metabolism using OVX rats. Further studies on vitamin D deficiency in the regulation of muscle as well as bone metabolism would provide valuable data for the prevention of osteoporosis and sarcopenia.
-
The aim of this study was to review the factors associated with stunting in the northern province of Rwanda by assessing anthropometric status, dietary intake, and overall complementary feeding practices. ⋯ Interventions focusing on optimal nutrition during the complementary feeding stage, exclusive breastfeeding, and the use of deworming tablets have the potential to substantially reduce stunting in children in the northern province of Rwanda.
-
Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with comorbidities and poor prognosis. However, this association in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) within the first 48 h after ICU admission are associated with prognostic indicators (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE] II, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA] score, Charlson comorbidity index [CCI]), clinical complications, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, mechanical ventilation duration, and mortality. ⋯ We found a strong association between 25(OH)D concentrations and the prognostic indicator CCI and clinical complications (acute respiratory insufficiency, acute liver failure, and infections), but no associations with the prognostic indicators APACHE II and SOFA score, CRP, mechanical ventilation duration, or mortality. The main comorbidities associated with low 25(OH)D were cancer and liver disease, suggesting that the determination of 25(OH)vitamin D is relevant during the ICU stay.
-
The aims of this study were to underline the interpretation of vitamin B1 and to evaluate whether differences in hemoglobin (Hb) levels and sex effect vitamin B1 results. ⋯ Vitamin B1 concentrations >48 μg/L should be interpreted with Hb levels to avoid postanalytical errors that mask deficiency. Therefore, in comparative studies, researchers need to pay attention to eliminate the effect of Hb on whole blood vitamin B1 levels.
-
The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of biological maturity on body composition in Brazilian adolescent athletes, to verify the accuracy of previous bioimpedance predictive equations for estimating fat-free mass (FFM), and to develop new predictive equations, considering sexual and skeletal maturity. ⋯ The assessment of body composition in adolescent athletes should consider sexual (female) or skeletal (male) maturity. The newly proposed equations showed promising results in Brazilian adolescent athletes. A test in different groups and populations is necessary to evaluate the general suitability of the equations in adolescents.