Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to investigate food consumption during pregnancy by determining dietary patterns, associations with maternal characteristics, and possible changes in adherence to patterns throughout pregnancy. ⋯ We found associations between maternal sociodemographic characteristics and adherence to different dietary patterns, as well as changes in adherence during pregnancy. This knowledge is relevant to creating specific and feasible guidelines for different population strata associated with the patterns.
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Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of a structured educational program on improving oncology nurses' knowledge, self-confidence, and self-efficacy in nutritional assessment and counseling for patients with cancer. ⋯ The educational program improved the oncology nurses' knowledge, self-confidence, and self-efficacy in relation to nutritional assessment and counseling. Improving nurses' competencies will improve the quality of care provided to the patients and patient health outcomes.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of probiotic yogurt on glycemic indexes and endothelial dysfunction markers in patients with metabolic syndrome.
The relationship between gut microflora and metabolic syndrome components such as obesity, low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, dyslipidemia, and altered glucose metabolism is now acknowledged. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of probiotic yogurt on glycemic indexes and endothelial dysfunction markers in patients with metabolic syndrome. ⋯ Consumption of probiotic yogurt improved fasting blood glucose and partly modified serum endothelial function markers. These results suggest that regular intake of probiotic yogurt may exert positive effects on the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Breastfeeding rates in many countries fall short of the World Health Organization's recommendations. It has been reported that exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is negatively associated with obesity; however, the association varies with ethnicity, and little information is available from Asia. We explored whether prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) were associated with initiation of EBF. ⋯ This study suggested that prepregnancy obesity is a risk factor for EBF initiation among Japanese women.
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The aim of this study was to assess nutrient patterns and their relation to anemia and iron status of school children using pooled data from three study populations in South Africa. ⋯ The present results highlighted the potential role of the combination of dietary vitamin A and B12 in the etiology of nutritional anemia in school-age children in South Africa. Nutrient pattern analysis may improve the understanding of the synergistic role of nutrients related to anemia and may assist in planning intervention strategies.