Nutrition
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Review Meta Analysis
Food insecurity and the risk of undernutrition complications among children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to examine the association between household food insecurity and the risk of being underweight, stunting, and wasting in children and adolescents. ⋯ Household food insecurity appears to be associated with higher risk of stunting and being underweight among children and adolescents. In addition, the intensification of the level of food insecurity and the increased age of children may increase the risk of stunting or being underweight in food-insecure households. Also, the level of economic development is an important factor in the effects of food insecurity on risk of stunting.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Cocoa flavanol effects on markers of oxidative stress and recovery after muscle damage protocol in elite rugby players.
Strenuous exercise can impair athletic performance due to muscular inflammation and oxidative stress. Antioxidants such as cocoa flavanols have been used as a supplement to prevent oxidative stress; however, the benefits of dietary antioxidants for athletic performance after muscle soreness (MS) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cocoa flavanols after a MS inducing protocol. ⋯ Cocoa flavanols added to a post-exercise recovery beverage for 7 d has no oxidative stress or athletic performance benefits.
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This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional association between dietary and serum selenium measures and depressive symptoms among a nationally representative sample of US adults. ⋯ Our study supports an inverse association between participants recommended dietary intake of selenium and depressive symptoms. Although results were not statistically significant for the association by quartile of serum selenium concentrations and depressive symptoms, a U-shaped association was identified.
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Little is known about the indicators to assess malnutrition in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aimed to determine the following: 1) the prevalence of malnutrition in IPF patients; 2) the nutritional indicators predictive of low fat-free mass (FFM) as measured by bioimpedance analysis; 3) the IPF patients' characteristics associated with low FFM. ⋯ Malnutrition occurred in nearly one-third of IPF patients. Malnutrition screening should become systematic based on BMI and MAC, which are good clinical indicators of low FFMI. We propose a practical approach to screen malnutrition in IPF patients.
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There is minimal research on the effect of overall dietary patterns on the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the Korean population. The present study investigated the association between dietary patterns and NAFLD. ⋯ The traditional dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD, and the simple meal pattern was associated with a decreased risk of NAFLD in the Korean population. This finding supports the use of dietary patterns to predict the risk of NAFLD and potentially serve as a dietary prevention strategy in individuals who are at high risk of developing NAFLD.