Nutrition
-
The aim of this study was to determine whether hepatic gene expression related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with disease severity and modifiable lifestyle factors in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). ⋯ HCC-related gene expression was associated with liver histology, body mass index, waist circumference, diet, and physical activity but was not affected by ω-3 PUFA supplementation.
-
The composition of milk from mothers delivering prematurely differs from that of full-term mature milk and changes over time. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that changes in milk metabolomic profile from mothers delivering prematurely persist over time when compared with mothers delivering at term. ⋯ The preterm milk metabolome pattern undergoes maturation during the first 3 wk after birth, but at the end of the third week it still does not resemble the term milk pattern. The specific changes in mothers' milk metabolomic profiles according to their offspring might reflect the different nutritional requirement of each preterm infant. This knowledge is crucial to move from standardized nutritional protocols to tailored, individualized nutrition in preterm infants.
-
The aim of this study was to identify and cluster potential sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of excess weight (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) in Switzerland. ⋯ We identified four discrete subgroups of individuals with excess weight who differed by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Such subgroups may prove useful for targeted public health interventions.
-
Observational Study
Trimethylamine N-oxide, Mediterranean diet, and nutrition in healthy, normal-weight adults: also a matter of sex?
Sex exerts an important influence on food preferences. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is based on the common dietary characteristics and lifestyle behaviors of the Mediterranean countries. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a marker of gut dysbiosis linked to the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk, is mainly dependent on dietary pattern and gut microbiota metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between levels of TMAO and adherence to the MD as a function of sex. ⋯ A clear sex difference was observed in the apparently novel association between levels of TMAO and MD in healthy adults. Although dietary intervention trials on large series population are mandatory, sex-specific cutpoints of adherence to MD might help identify individuals at high risk for high levels of TMAO who would benefit from personalized dietary interventions.
-
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is secreted by enteroendocrine L-cells in response to nutrient ingestion. To date, GLP-1 secretion in diet-induced obesity is not well characterized. We aimed to examine GLP-1 secretion in response to meal ingestion during the progression of diet-induced obesity and determinewhether a combined high-fat and high-sucrose (HFS) diet, an individual high-fat (HiFat), or a high-sucrose (HiSuc) diet affect adaptive changes in the postprandial GLP-1 response. ⋯ These results demonstrate that the continuous ingestion of excessive fat and sucrose rapidly enhances the GLP-1 secretory response to luminal nutrients, and the HiFat diet may have a potent effect compared with the HiSuc diet on GLP-1 secretory responses. The increment of postprandial GLP-1 and insulinsecretion may have a role in normalizing postprandial glycaemia and slowing the establishment of glucose intolerance.