Nutrition
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Gut microbiota dysbiosis is known to be associated with diabetes; however, the findings of previous studies are conflicting. To clarify the association between type 2 diabetes and the gut microbiota, the present study analyzed the composition of fecal gut microbiota and its correlation with specific clinical parameters in newly diagnosed, treatment-naive diabetic patients and healthy controls. ⋯ The amount of fecal Lactobacillus, C. coccoides, and C. leptum was significantly different between the patients with type 2 diabetes and the healthy controls. The levels of Clostridium were also significantly changed after 3 mo of treatment in the diabetic patients. Further research is needed to clarify the correlation or causal relationship between the gut microbiota dysbiosis and type 2 diabetes.
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In humans, the effects of lysine-fortified wheat on growth measures was much lower than that of animal experimentations that used phosphorus-containing mineral mix. It is known that wheat contains a limited amount of available phosphorus, which is believed to support growth. The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of phosphorus in growth measures of rats maintained on a lysine-supplemented wheat gluten diet. ⋯ When using gluten protein, concomitant lysine and phosphorus availability is required to support growth measures, although phosphorus seems to have an independent effect on protein metabolism. Thus, human interventions should consider the improvement of the amino acid profile and phosphorus availability.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of dietary carbohydrates with fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. ⋯ Dietary intake of total sugars, sucrose, glucose, and lactose in obese participants only was inversely and dietary fructose was positively associated with FTO gene expression from the subcutaneous adipose tissue.
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Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) receiving long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) are at risk for intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate dynamic changes of liver fibrosis and steatosis within 12 mo by transient elastography (TE), including controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) in a cohort of patients with SBS receiving long-term PN. ⋯ In the present study cohort, prevalence of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis was low (<10%) without significant dynamic within the 12-mo follow-up. Short intestinal remnant length <100cm appeared to be a risk factor for development of fibrosis.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Antioxidant vitamin supplementation prevents oxidative stress but does not enhance performance in young football athletes.
The aim of this study was to verify the effects of supplementation with antioxidants (vitamins C and E) on oxidative stress, delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and performance in football players during a recovery period after an exercise-induced oxidative stress protocol. ⋯ Antioxidant supplementation does not attenuate elevated markers of muscle damage or muscle soreness promoted by acute exercise and do not exert any ergogenic effect on football performance of young athletes, although it reduced oxidative stress.