Nutrition
-
Patients with head and neck cancer experience many problems with eating which make them at high risk of malnutrition. Pre-habilitation swallowing exercises as overseen by a speech pathologist can improve swallowing function. ⋯ Nutritional recommendations are 1.2-1.5 g protein per kilogram per day and 125kJ/kg body weight per day but as these are guides close monitoring of intake and weight is important. Multidisciplinary teams and telehealth have shown better outcomes for nutrition and swallowing status for head and neck cancer patients and ongoing support is required for best patient care.
-
The aim of this literature review is to analyze the association between lipidic parameters and cancer risk and progression, as there is no clear evidence that the risk or advancement of cancer increases with cholesterol levels. Some works suggest a positive, others a negative, and still others a neutral correlation between cancer advancement or risk and cholesterol-related parameters. This lack of a simple relationship indicates the need for a more complex, multi-variable, non-linear framework correlating lipid and cancer parameters, as well as the likely existence of optimum values of lipid parameters that may pave the way to cancer therapeutic strategies that include clinical nutrition.
-
Persistent low-grade inflammation is related to the development of many chronic diseases. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) is designed to assess the potential effects of diet on an individual's inflammation status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the construct validity of the DII using inflammation biomarkers in Japanese adults. ⋯ Null findings in women may reflect the generally lower levels of chronic systemic inflammation among Japanese versus their Western counterparts. These findings indicate that DII may be applied to measure the potential effects of diet on chronic diseases through inflammatory pathways in Japanese men.
-
New dietary strategies have been created to treat overweight and obesity and have become popular and widely adopted. Nonetheless, they are mainly based on personal impressions and reports published in books and magazines, rather than on scientific evidence. Animal models and human clinical trials have been employed to study changes in body composition and metabolic outcomes to determine the most effective diet. ⋯ However, owing to adverse effects, caution is required. In the long term, current evidence indicates that different diets promoted similar weight loss and adherence to diets will predict their success. Finally, it is fundamental to adopt a diet that creates a negative energy balance and focuses on good food quality to promote health.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of whole-course nutrition management on patients with esophageal cancer undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy: A randomized control trial.
Malnutrition is the most common complication of patients with esophageal cancer and can lead to poor prognosis and death. Good nutritional status has been shown to help improve patient outcomes and reduce complications. In the absence of specific evidence on the effect of nutrition in patients with esophageal cancer, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of whole-course nutrition management on the prognosis and complications of chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer through a randomized controlled trial. ⋯ Whole-course nutrition management can improve the nutritional status of patients with esophageal cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy, reduce the severity of radiation esophagitis and radiation skin reactions, improve the quality of life, and relieve depressive symptoms.