Nutrition
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Consumption of antioxidant-rich foods has been associated with a reduced risk for stroke. However, antioxidant supplementation is not recommended owing to controversial findings reported in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to better understand the effect of dietary antioxidants by investigating the effect of dietary non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC), reflecting the antioxidant potential of the whole diet, on the risk for stroke. ⋯ Higher dietary NEAC was not associated with any type of stroke in young and middle-aged Swedish women.
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Malnutrition is frequent among older adults, especially those living in nursing homes, but the association between residential setting and nutritional status is controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the association between living setting (nursing home versus community) and malnutrition while adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, health-related, and psychosocial factors. ⋯ Risk of malnutrition and malnutrition are more prevalent among nursing home residents than community dwellers. Physical (functional status) and mental health (symptoms of depression and loneliness) seems more relevant to nutritional status than residential setting by itself. These findings should be taken into account when designing public health policies to tackle malnutrition among older adults.
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Sarcopenia promotes worsening of nutritional status and an increase in comorbidities. Likewise, use of validated instruments to assess nutritional and comorbidity factors are warranted. Thus, the objectives were to assess the prevalence of risk for sarcopenia and to determine whether there is an association between sarcopenia and nutritional status and comorbidities in hospitalized patients with cancer. ⋯ In the present study, ∼40% of patients with cancer had a risk for sarcopenia and a greater prediction for nutritional risk (49%) and comorbidities (29%).
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The management of enterocutaneous fistulae (ECF) is complex, challenging, and often associated with metabolic, septic, and nutritional complications. Radiographic quantification of body composition such as fat or lean body mass distribution is a potentially valuable preoperative assessment tool to optimize nutritional status. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between total adipose tissue (fat) area (TFA), assessed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging radiology tests, with body weight, body mass index (BMI), various biochemical parameters, need for nutritional support, and survival in patients undergoing ECF repair. ⋯ Abdominal adiposity was strongly correlated with anthropometric parameters at the time of surgery. Earlier identification of patients requiring artificial nutrition at standard preoperative imaging might allow integration of nutritional optimization into initial clinical management plans reducing length of stay and improving clinical outcomes.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of probiotics and fecal transplantation on inflammatory and oxidative parameters in the intestines of two rat models of sepsis. ⋯ Probiotic strains significantly differ among themselves and exert different effects on the host's health. Symbiotics and FMT could offer additional immunomodulatory benefits to drug therapy, thus serving as a new therapeutic alternative in pediatric patients with sepsis.