Nutrition
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This study aimed to investigate the association between muscle strength and adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) in patients who have had strokes with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and the probability of being discharged. ⋯ In patients who have had strokes, HGS independently predicted FIM at the time of discharge and the probability of being discharged to their home. The adjusted ASM methods had less predictive value for functional and discharge outcomes.
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Heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in patients is often complicated by abdominal obesity and arteriosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between adipose tissue distribution and arterial stiffness in patients with HFpEF. ⋯ In patients with HFpEF, adipose tissue distribution was correlated with arterial stiffness. VFA was independently associated with baPWV.
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The phase angle (PhA) is an index derived by bioelectrical impedance analysis that reflects the fragility of cell membranes, muscle mass, muscle strength, and nutritional status, and a decrease in PhA might be associated with falls. This study aimed to investigate the relationships of the PhA with sarcopenia and falls in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). ⋯ The PhA might be a useful surrogate marker to predict falls in patients with RA.
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We investigated the relationship between the daily dietary inflammatory index (DII) score 1 y before pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment. ⋯ An antiinflammatory diet 1 y before pregnancy may decrease the risk of impaired neonatal neurodevelopment, and a proinflammatory diet may increase this risk.
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Observational Study
Muscle changes on muscle ultrasound and adverse outcomes in acute hospitalized older adults.
Muscle ultrasound is a non-invasive technique that enables identification of the quantity and quality of muscle tissue. It has been used not only for diagnosis of sarcopenia but also for prediction of outcomes in clinical practice. There is now increasing awareness that muscle changes detected during acute hospitalization indicate acute sarcopenia leading to worse outcomes. However, to our knowledge, few studies have investigated this in hospitalized older adults. The aim of this study was to determine whether muscle changes on muscle ultrasound can predict poor outcomes in acute hospitalized older adults. ⋯ Acute muscle changes on muscle ultrasound were not associated with mortality, ADL decline, or hospital-associated complications in acute hospitalized older adults. More research in various settings is needed to clarify the value of muscle ultrasound in clinical practice.