Nutrition
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The presence of myosteatosis is one factor associated with poor prognosis for patients with cirrhosis; however, the factors contributing to worsening myosteatosis are, to our knowledge, unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify the changes in myosteatosis, and the factors involved in these changes. ⋯ In patients with cirrhosis, myosteatosis progressed, and decreases in SMI and increases in VFI were correlated with its progression.
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Sepsis is a lethal clinical condition with dysregulated cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+ T cells that leads to inflammation and multiorgan injury. Low vitamin D levels are commonly seen in patients with sepsis. Obesity is a state with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Both obesity and low vitamin D levels are associated with adverse outcomes in patients with sepsis. This study investigated the effects of calcitriol on CD4+ T-cell polarization and kidney injury during sepsis. ⋯ These findings suggest that intravenous calcitriol administration after sepsis modulates the homeostasis of CD4+ T-cell subpopulations associated with alleviating sepsis-induced kidney injury in obese mice.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a growing epidemiologic and economic burden. It is associated with Western diet (WD) patterns, and its pathogenesis involves metabolic disorders (obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and diabetes) and gut dysbiosis, features that are usually neglected or not reproduced by most animal models. Thus, we established a 6-mo WD-induced NAFLD mouse model associated with metabolic disorder, investigating its main features at the gut microbiome-liver-adipose tissue axis, also evaluating the correlations of gut dysbiosis to the other disease outcomes. ⋯ This mice model gathered suitable phenotypical alterations in gut-liver-adipose tissue axis that resembled NAFLD associated with metabolic disorders in humans and may be considered for preclinical investigation.
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Review Meta Analysis
Influence of age, sex, and type of exercise on the efficacy of creatine supplementation on lean body mass: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Creatine supplementation has been shown to increase measures of lean body mass (LBM); however, there often is high heterogeneity across individual studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyze randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating creatine supplementation on LBM. Subanalyses were performed based on age, sex, and type of exercise. Based on PRISMA guidelines, we searched the following databases: Pubmed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Scopus (PROSPERO register: CRD42020207122) until May 2022. ⋯ Further subanalyses found that males on creatine increased LBM by 1.46 kg (95% CI, 0.47-2.46), compared with a non-significant increase of 0.29 kg (95% CI, -0.43 to 1.01) for females. In conclusion, the addition of creatine supplementation to a resistance training program increases LBM. During a resistance training program, males on creatine respond more favorably than females.
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Numerous smartphone-based applications that guide parenting, child nutrition, and child health-related knowledge are available. Here, we reviewed the applications available in the Google Play Store for child nutrition, primarily focused on children aged <5 y. The keywords used in the search were "child nutrition," "child nutrition status assessment," and "parenting." We identified 370 apps from the play store and 33 qualified for the review. ⋯ Findings from this review suggest that the apps do not follow any uniform guidelines for delivering the child nutrition information to the caregivers. About 50% of apps did not mention the consulted source for its development, indicating the unavailability of uniform guidelines or policy documents for child nutrition app development. App-based intervention studies are recommended to assess the effectiveness of child nutrition/health smartphone applications.