Nutrition
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The aims of this study were to investigate the correlation of phase angle (PhA) with other parameters (e.g., muscle mass/quality/strength and physical function), assess the prognostic relevance of prechemoradiotherapy (CRT) PhA, and suggest a reference value of PhA in Asian patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). ⋯ PhA was correlated with muscle mass/quality/strength, and physical function. Low PhA was associated with severe adverse events, treatment interruption, and shorter survival. These findings suggested that 4.6° for men and 4° for women may be useful as prognostic reference values in Asian patients with HNC.
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The number of people aged ≥60 y is increasing worldwide, so establishing a relationship between lifestyle and health-associated factors, such as gut microbiota in an older population, is important. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota of a presenior population, and analyze the association between some bacteria and quality of life with the Short Form (SF) 36 questionnaire. ⋯ Quality of life may be associated with the relative abundance of certain bacteria, especially Actinobacteria and Peptostreptococcaceae, which may have a specific effect on certain markers and health care, which is important to improve quality of life in older populations.
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Sarcopenia has been reported as a prognostic risk factor in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatobiliary pancreatic (HBP) cancers. This study aimed to investigate whether the loss of muscle mass or strength is a stronger prognostic factor, and explore the cutoff values of skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and handgrip strength (HGS) based on the survival outcome in patients with GI and HBP cancers. ⋯ Low muscle strength was a stronger prognostic factor than low muscle mass. Therefore, measuring muscle strength in all patients is essential.
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The only treatment for celiac disease (CD) is a strict gluten-free diet (GFD). Nutritional deficiencies are common in CD; however, how this is influenced by the presence of symptoms, duration of CD, and compliance of GFD is less clear. The objective of this study was to compare nutritional deficiencies in patients with CD to those of nonceliac populations on a GFD. The secondary outcomes were to compare deficiencies in short- (<2 y) versus long-term (≥2 y) GFD, and in those with persistent symptoms versus asymptomatic. ⋯ These data suggest that nutrient deficiencies may be related more to GFD nutritional inadequacy rather than malabsorption.
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The purpose of this study was to identify lifestyle patterns that are characteristic of overweight and obese European adults in the context of educational level. ⋯ A healthy dietary pattern constituting of a daily intake of fruits and vegetables was inversely associated with being OW/OB in women. Conversely, a diet soft-drink intake was positively associated with being OW/OB in both sexes, probably because of a reduction in overall energy intake. More studies are recommended to clarify the effectiveness of diet soft-drink consumption in controlling caloric intake and as a healthier alternative to regular soft drinks and sweets.