Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to compare characteristics of habitual and meal-specific dietary patterns identified by latent class analysis (LCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). ⋯ Habitual and meal-specific classes identified by LCA were well characterized by the dietary patterns derived by CFA, suggesting that LCA may be an appropriate statistical approach to classify study participants with similar patterns of intake into exclusive subgroups of individuals.
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The aim of this study was to validate the ability of a novel, impedance-based platform for nasogastric feeding tube (FT) insertion to correctly predict intragastric FT placement in healthy individuals with and without acid suppression medication. ⋯ A novel platform for real-time assistance with nasogastric FT placement confirmation correctly determined intragastric FT location as confirmed by abdominal x-ray (standard of care) in all 60 insertions. Gastric pH measurements were difficult to obtain and unreliable for intragastric FT placement confirmation in patients taking acid suppression medication.
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Skeletal muscle gauge (SMG) was recently introduced as an imaging indicator of sarcopenia. Computed tomography is essential for measuring SMG; thus, the use of SMG is limited to patients who undergo computed tomography. We aimed to develop a machine learning algorithm using clinical and inflammatory markers to predict SMG in patients with colorectal cancer. ⋯ LP-SMG had superior performance than single variables in predicting low SMG. This machine learning model can be used as a screening tool to detect sarcopenic status without using computed tomography during the treatment period.
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Conventional diagnostic criteria for cachexia are based on Western studies. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in body mass index (BMI) and the rate of weight change associated with adverse outcomes in Asian patients with advanced cancer. ⋯ Low BMI, a large degree of weight change, or a combination of both, predicted death in Asian patients with advanced cancer.
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The circadian rhythms are controlled by the central clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei and by the peripheral clocks in tissues, including adipose tissue. The adipose tissue circadian clock may be associated with the regulation of insulin action; however, human data are limited. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of subcutaneous adipose tissue circadian genes as they relate to obesity and insulin sensitivity before and after diet-induced weight loss. ⋯ Adipose tissue circadian gene expression is decreased in obesity and this decrease may be partially reversed by dietary intervention. Among circadian genes, NR1D2 and DBP seem to be specifically associated with insulin action.