Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Oral ω-3 PUFA supplementation modulates inflammation in adipose tissue depots in morbidly obese women: A randomized trial.
Obesity is characterized by local and systemic low-grade inflammatory responses. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) play decisive roles in inflammation, insulin signaling, and various metabolic dysfunctions. Diets enriched with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to improve health and mitigate pathologic conditions. However, the effects of ω-3 PUFA on adipose tissue inflammation, ATM number, and phenotype are poorly defined in human obesity. The aim of this study was to examine differences in expression of metabolic-inflammatory markers in omental, mesenteric, and subcutaneous fat depots of obese women supplemented with ω-3 PUFAs for 4 wk compared with a low-calorie diet before bariatric surgery. ⋯ Compared with an LCD, a diet enriched with ω-3 PUFAs influences the inflammatory state in different adipose tissue depots, by affecting markers of adipose tissue inflammation, macrophage phenotype, and retention. However, this was not reflected in clinical parameters such as insulin resistance and inflammatory cytokines. Subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue have different responses to an LCD or a ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet. The presence of diabetes modifies the expression of inflammatory markers.
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Pancreatic trauma and subsequent pancreatic operation result in early pathophysiologic alterations. Understanding changes in energy expenditure and body composition is essential for optimal management. This study aims to observe changes in energy expenditure and body composition in patients during the early postoperative days (PODs) after pancreatic trauma. ⋯ Changes in body composition and hypermetabolism state were observed from POD-3 to -14 after pancreatic trauma. A postoperative value of PhA < 4.23 is associated with severe complications.
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Observational Study
Nutritional status of patients with COVID-19 1-y post-ICU stay: A prospective observational study.
Patients discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU) often experience physical complaints and poor nutritional intake, which negatively affect their nutritional status (NS). The aim of this study was to describe the NS of patients with COVID-19 1-y post-ICU stay. ⋯ Despite almost fully regained weight and good physical recovery in adult patients 1-y post-ICU stay, NS remained impaired because of elevated FMI, even though reported nutritional intake was below the estimated requirements.
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Recent studies have found that dietary fiber improves prognosis in cancer patients. However, few subgroup analyses exist. Subgroups can differ greatly in terms of different factors such as dietary intake, lifestyle, and sex. It is unclear whether fiber benefits all of the subgroups equally. In this study, we examined differences in dietary fiber consumption and cancer mortality between subgroups, including sex. ⋯ This study found that higher dietary fiber intake was only associated with better survival in male cancer patients, not in female cancer patients. Sex differences between dietary fiber intake and cancer mortality were observed.
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Evidence regarding the association between deprescribing from polypharmacy and outcomes in the convalescent rehabilitation setting is rare. The aim of this study was to assess the association between deprescribing from polypharmacy and functional recovery and home discharge in older patients with sarcopenia after stroke. ⋯ Because no effective pharmacotherapy for sarcopenia has been established, the novel findings of this study may be useful in the pharmacotherapy for older patients with sarcopenia after stroke. Deprescribing from polypharmacy on admission was positively associated with functional status at discharge and home discharge in older patients with sarcopenia after stroke.