Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to assess the association of genetically determined iron status with the risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. ⋯ MR analysis provided evidence that genetically predicted higher serum transferrin, indicating lower iron status, may be protective against NAFLD, whereas higher transferrin saturation, indicating higher iron status, might increase the risk for NAFLD and its pathogenesis.
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Some studies have demonstrated that caffeine consumption is a risk factor for insufficient sleep or poor sleep quality in adolescents. The aim of this study was to estimate the average daily caffeine consumption and to investigate the association between caffeine, sleep duration, and screen time in a large sample of Brazilian adolescents. ⋯ This study demonstrated that caffeine consumption does not interfere with sleep duration or screen time. Moreover, the study provided important information about the source of caffeine most consumed by Brazilian adolescents, which could help professionals plan appropriate caffeine consumption.
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The aim of this study was to compare self-reported total energy intake (TEI) collected using an online multiple-pass 24-h dietary recall tool (Intake24) with total energy expenditure (TEE) estimated from Fitbit Charge 2-improved algorithms in adults from the NoHoW trial (12-mo weight maintenance after free-living weight loss). ⋯ These findings contribute to the ongoing research examining the validity of technology-based dietary assessment tools.
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Studies suggest that diets with a low glycemic index and high protein are favorable in aiding weight loss and improving weight maintenance; however, methods to measure dietary intake are comprehensive both for the participant and the study staff. We aimed to validate the accuracy of the dietary glycemic index and protein intake assessed through a food frequency questionnaire against a 4-d weighed food record in Danish pregnant women with obesity. ⋯ The results suggest no risk of bias between the two methods of assessment; hence, a 29-item food frequency questionnaire can be used to assess the mean glycemic index, glycemic load, and protein intake in pregnant women with obesity.
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Skeletal muscle synthesizes, stores, and releases body L-glutamine (GLN). Muscle atrophy due to disabling diseases triggers the activation of proteolytic and pro-apoptotic cell signaling, thus impairing the body's capacity to manage GLN content. This situation has a poor therapeutic prognosis. ⋯ These findings attest that oral GLN supplementation in GLN+ALA solution or DIP forms attenuates rats' skeletal muscle mass wasting caused by disuse-mediated muscle atrophy.