Nutrition
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This study aimed to reveal the prevalence and characteristics of individuals at risk of dysphagia in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and its association with health-related quality of life (HRQOL). ⋯ Dysphagia risk was prevalent in approximately 10% of patients with CLD and was associated with a risk of sarcopenia and malnutrition. Furthermore, dysphagia risk was related to HRQOL in patients with CLD.
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It is important to individualize nutrition therapy and to identify whether certain patient groups benefit from a specific intervention such as oral nutritional supplements (ONS). This study investigated whether patients with weak handgrip strength (HGS) benefit better from ONS administration in the Medication Pass Nutritional Supplement Program (MEDPass) mode regarding the individual coverage of energy and protein requirements throughout their hospitalization. ⋯ No clear recommendations regarding the mode of ONS administration depending on HGS can be made. In clinical practice, appetite and satiety in patients with weak HGS should be monitored, and the ONS administration mode should be adjusted accordingly.
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In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of oral frailty and explore its relationship with oral function and sarcopenia among older outpatients. ⋯ Approximately 40% of patients exhibited a decline in oral function regardless of the presence of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia and dynapenia may particularly affect tongue function. Although assessing patients for sarcopenia is crucial, separate evaluations of oral function should also be considered.
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This study aimed to explore the protective mechanism of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in IEC-6 cells and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. ⋯ Our findings suggest that COS safeguards gut barrier integrity by upregulating tight junction proteins through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Therefore, COS has emerged as a promising candidate for novel drug interventions against inflammatory bowel disease.
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A ketogenic diet reduces pathologic stress and improves mood in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the effects of a ketogenic diet for people from the general population have largely been unexplored. A ketogenic diet is increasingly used for weight loss. Research in healthy individuals primarily focuses on the physical implications of a ketogenic diet. It is important to understand the holistic effects of a ketogenic diet, not only the physiological but also the psychological effects, in non-clinical samples. The aim of this cross-sectional study with multiple cohorts was to investigate the association of a ketogenic diet with different aspects of mental health, including calmness, contentedness, alertness, cognitive and emotional stress, depression, anxiety, and loneliness, in a general healthy population. ⋯ This research found that a ketogenic diet has potential psychological benefits in the general population.