Nutrition
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Review Meta Analysis
The effect of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Hundreds of dietary supplements are currently marketed as weight loss supplements. However, the advertised health claims of effectiveness for most of these have not been proven. The aim of this study was to critically appraise and evaluate the evidence for effectiveness of cactus pear, Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI), using data from published randomized clinical trials. ⋯ The evidence from randomized clinical trials does not indicate that supplementation with OFI generates statistically significant effects on body weight. Consumption of OFI can cause significant reductions in percentage body fat, blood pressure, and total cholesterol. Few clinical trials evaluating the effects of OFI have been published. They vary in design and methodology, and are characterized by inconsistent quality of reporting. Further clinical trials evaluating the effects of OFI on body composition and metabolic parameters are warranted.
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Review Meta Analysis
Effects of non-soy legume consumption on C-reactive protein: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Because of conflicting results of presented studies, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was to examine the effect of non-soy legume intake on inflammatory markers and C-reactive protein (CRP). ⋯ This review of RCTs showed that non-soy legume consumption may contribute to reductions in CRP and hs-CRP concentrations. However, further controlled clinical trials are needed to investigate the effect of non-soy legume intake on other inflammatory markers.
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Meta Analysis
Association between processed meat and red meat consumption and risk for glioma: a meta-analysis from 14 articles.
Epidemiologic studies evaluating the association between processed meat and red meat consumption and glioma risk have produced inconsistent results. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to test the hypothesis that high levels of processed meat consumption could increase the risk for glioma. ⋯ Our analysis indicated that high levels of processed meat consumption might increase the risk for glioma, and findings are consistent with the hypothesis. No association was found between red meat consumption and glioma risk.
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Epidemiologic studies evaluating the association between the intake of vegetables and fruit and the risk for glioma have produced inconsistent results. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that higher vegetable and fruit intake may have a protective effect on risk for glioma. ⋯ This analysis indicated that intake of vegetables might have a protective effect on glioma. The intake of fruit might have a protective effect on glioma in the Asian population; however, the results need to be confirmed.
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Meta Analysis
Tea consumption and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies.
Recent epidemiologic studies, especially cohort and case-control studies, have yielded inconsistent findings regarding the association between tea consumption and risk for lung cancer. The aim of this study was to assess a potential relationship between tea consumption and the incidence of lung cancer worldwide. ⋯ Tea consumption may offer some protection against lung cancer.