Nutrition
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Few studies have investigated the correlation between plant-based diet indices (PDIs) and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in the Korean population. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between PDIs and the risk of MASLD in Korean adults. ⋯ This cohort study revealed an association of the overall PDI and hPDI with a lower risk of MASLD, highlighting the importance of adhering to these types of plant-based diets to prevent MASLD among Korean adults.
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Street children are poverty-stricken and have insufficient money to meet their daily nutritional requirements. They do not have a proper place to sleep and defecate. They sleep at traffic signals, in religious places, and on footpaths. This exposes them to pollution, dirt, and other pathogens. ⋯ A high incidence of stunting points to poor quality of food and suggests prolonged nutrition deficiency among street children. The Z-score or conventional measures of anthropometry underestimate the total burden of malnutrition among street children, while CIAF provides an estimation of children with single-burden, double-burden, and triple-burden malnutrition or total burden of malnutrition.
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Muscle loss is one of the phenotypic criteria of malnutrition, is highly prevalent in patients with cirrhosis, and is associated with adverse outcomes. Mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) estimates the skeletal muscle mass and is especially helpful in cases of fluid overload. This study aimed to propose MAMC cutoff points for patients with cirrhosis and demonstrate its association with 1-year mortality. ⋯ Low MAMC classified according to the new cutoff points predicts mortality risk in patients with cirrhosis and could be used in clinical practice.
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The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns associated with diabetes in Korean adults and to investigate their association with diabetes risk in both a cross-sectional and prospective study. ⋯ Dietary patterns derived by RRR followed by stepwise linear regression analyses were associated with increased risks of diabetes among Korean adults.
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Comparative Study
Advancing body composition assessment in patients with cancer: First comparisons of traditional versus multicompartment models.
Measurement of body composition using computed tomography (CT) scans may be a viable clinical tool for low muscle mass assessment in oncology. However, longitudinal assessments are often infeasible with CT. Clinically accessible body composition technologies can be used to track changes in fat-free mass (FFM) or muscle, though their accuracy may be impacted by cancer-related physiological changes. The purpose of this study was to examine the agreement among accessible body composition method with criterion methods for measures of whole-body FFM measurements and, when possible, muscle mass for the classification of low muscle in patients with cancer. ⋯ Despite discrepancies between clinical body composition assessment and the criterion multicompartment model, DXA demonstrates the strongest agreement with 4C. Disagreement between DXA and CT for low muscle mass classification prompts further evaluation of the measures and cutoffs used with each technique. Multicompartment models may enhance our understanding of body composition variations at the individual patient level and improve the applicability of clinically accessible technologies for classification and monitoring change over time.