Nutrition
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of a hypoenergetic diet rich in α-linolenic acid on fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids in overweight and obese patients with metabolic syndrome.
Plant-derived α-linolenic acid (ALA) may exert cardioprotective effects. Dietary ALA can undergo desaturation and elongation to form long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, but the extent to which this occurs in humans is unclear. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of an energy-restricted diet enriched with ALA on fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids in patients with metabolic syndrome. ⋯ Daily intake of 3.4 g of ALA during a 26-wk energy-restricted diet did not lead to an enrichment of serum phospholipids with ALA and did not increase eicosapentaenoic acid due to conversion. Additionally, dietary ALA was unable to compensate for a decrease in serum phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid.
-
Comparative Study
Encouraging effects of a short-term, adapted Nordic diet intervention on skin microvascular function and skin oxygen tension in younger and older adults.
The microvascular benefits of regional diets appear in the literature; however, little is known about Nordic-type diets. We investigated the effects of a short-term, adapted, Nordic diet on microvascular function in younger and older individuals at rest and during activity. ⋯ We observed statistically significant improvements in microvascular function, peak heart rate, and body composition. An adapted Nordic diet might improve microvascular health.
-
Observational Study
Prognostic value of respiratory quotients in severe polytrauma patients with nutritional support.
The association between energy metabolism and prognosis in polytrauma patients has not yet been defined. The aim of this study was to describe energy metabolism and analyze the prognostic value of respiratory quotient (RQ) and nonprotein respiratory quotient (npRQ) in fasting polytrauma patients (fPP) and polytrauma patients with nutritional support (nsPP). ⋯ RQ and npRQ parameters measured by indirect calorimetry in polytrauma patients with parenteral nutrition on the fourth day of ICU stay related to clinical outcomes such as duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU LOS.
-
Successful weight loss and maintenance after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) may be related to eating behavior. The aim of this study was to assess the eating behavior domains that prevail in women during the RYGB postoperative period and their associations with surgery outcome. ⋯ The cognitive restraint domain was the main type of eating behavior observed, and patients with higher emotional eating score were at a higher risk for having insufficient weight loss after RYGB. These results indicate the relevance of monitoring emotional components during the long-term nutritional follow-up of bariatric patients to achieve better surgery outcomes.
-
To assess and quantify the association between processed meat consumption and cancers of the breast, endometrium, ovary, and prostate. ⋯ In this case-control study, we found some excess risks of high processed meat consumption with female hormone-related cancers. Conversely, no association with prostate cancer was found in men.