Nutrition
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Parenteral nutrition (PN) that includes lipid emulsion is considered to increase both bacterial and fungal central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections. This concept is based on several erroneous metrics: Reports in age-old literature at a time when preparing PN admixtures lacked stringent quality control, when its infusion, the techniques of insertion, maintenance of vascular access devices, and delivery systems were not well identified or enforced. Additionally, concepts of glucohomeostasis were different and higher glucose levels were accepted. We provide updated information with supporting literature to show that associating PN with lipids with an increase in bloodstream infections is not justified.
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It was recently postulated that a nutritional intervention aiming at achieving weight gain might increase survival in ALS patients. This article discusses the effect of nutritional status and weight gain on survival, respiratory status and physical function. ⋯ A high body mass index may impair respiratory muscle function and passive mobilization of paretic patients. Future research should evaluate the effect of changes in weight and body composition on clinical outcome while taking into account respiratory muscle strength and physical function.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ω-3 fatty acids on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease concerning hepatocyte lipid accumulation as well as apoptosis induced by free fatty acids (FFAs) and to explore the underlying mechanism involving autophagy. ⋯ ω-3 Fatty acids exert protective effects on hepatocytes against lipotoxicity through induction of autophagy, as demonstrated by inhibition of lipid accumulation and apoptosis.
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Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment as a prognosis tool in women with gynecologic cancer.
The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status (NS) of women hospitalized for gynecologic tumors and relate it to such outcomes as hospital length of stay and 1-y mortality. ⋯ Our findings suggest that the PG-SGA can be considered not just as an indicator of nutritional risk, but also as a major predictor of prognosis and mortality in this population.
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Obesity is a major public health problem. Regulating food intake and promoting metabolism of fat are two important options for treating obesity. Auricular vagus nerve stimulation (AVNS) is considered as an alternative approach to vagal nerve stimulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AVNS and its mechanisms on obesity in obese rats. ⋯ AVNS was more effective in reducing body weight and causing visceral fat loss. Biochemical tests found more NE released in the serum and more β3-adrenoceptor and UCP1 expression in the BAT. All of these features suggested that energy expenditure might play an important role in obesity management by AVNS.