Nutrition
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Because of the inefficacy of standard methods for the evaluation of body composition of grade III obese individuals, it is difficult to analyze the quality of weight loss after bariatric surgery in these patients. Electrical bioimpedance vector analysis and the RXc graph uses crude resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) values, like components of the Z vector, to monitor variations in body fluid and the nutritional status of obese individuals. Using bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) and the RXc graph, the objective of the present study was to evaluate long-term changes in weight and body composition of obese women after Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery. ⋯ Weight loss due to surgery results in an important reduction of fat-free mass characterized by the position of most individuals in the cachexia quadrant throughout the postoperative period.
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Review Meta Analysis
Flavonol intake and stroke risk: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.
Epidemiologic findings are inconsistent regarding the association between flavonol intake and the risk for stroke. The aim of this study was to determine whether an association exists between them in observational studies. ⋯ Higher dietary flavonol intake is associated with a reduced risk for stroke, especially among men. Our results support recommendations for higher consumption of flavonol-rich foods to prevent stroke.
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Review Meta Analysis
Association of fructose consumption and components of metabolic syndrome in human studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The aim of this study was to review the current corpus of human studies to determine the association of various doses and durations of fructose consumption on metabolic syndrome. ⋯ Fructose consumption from industrialized foods has significant effects on most components of metabolic syndrome.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Plasma retinol and total carotenes and fracture risk after long-term supplementation with high doses of retinol.
Observational studies suggest that moderate intakes of retinol and increased circulating retinol levels may increase fracture risk. Easy access to supplements, combined with an aging population, makes this a potentially important association. The aim of this study was to investigate plasma retinol and total carotene concentrations in relation to fracture risk after long-term supplementation with retinol and/or beta-carotene in 998 adults between 1990 and 2007. ⋯ This study does not support earlier reports of an increased fracture risk associated with increased plasma retinol concentration. The potential for carotenes to prevent fractures deserves further investigation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Long-lasting improved amino acid bioavailability associated with protein pulse feeding in hospitalized elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial.
Aging is associated with a blunted anabolic response to dietary intake, possibly related to a decrease in systemically available amino acids (AAs), which in turn may stem from increased splanchnic AA metabolism. Splanchnic sequestration can be saturated by pulse feeding (80% of daily protein intake in a single meal), enabling increased protein synthesis. The aim of this study was to explore whether protein pulse feeding increased postprandial AA concentrations, and if so whether this increase persisted after 6 wk of dietary treatment. ⋯ This study demonstrates that increased postprandial AA bioavailability induced by protein pulse feeding persists after 6 wk (i.e., that there is no metabolic adaptation blunting AA bioavailability).