Nutrition
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The primary aim of this study was to determine the number of days required to assess usual antioxidant intake with a defined level of accuracy in a sample of healthy college students. The secondary aim of this study was to increase the validity of the calculation of days by first determining the prevalence of misreporting energy intake in 30-d food records (FRs). ⋯ Overall, micronutrients and antioxidants had a greater daily variation than macronutrients and the majority required more than 7 d to assess usual intakes for this population.
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HIV-1 infection is accompanied by severe metabolic and immune dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) utilization on the adiponectin levels and oxidative stress in patients infected with HIV-1. ⋯ HIV-1-infected patients with MetS exhibited hypoadiponectinemia and increased oxidative stress, and these findings were not influenced by ART use. The findings of the present study allow the suggestion that MetS and inflammation might be mainly responsible for the aforementioned features. More studies are needed to verify whether drugs or food, which yield increased adiponectinemia and decreased oxidative stress, could reduce cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected patients.
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The aim of this study was to create an innovative, easy-to-use, and informative web-based application system to calculate the iron, zinc, and vitamin A intake in comparison to the recommended nutrient intake (RNI). ⋯ CIMI is a simple and rapid tool that calculates energy and nutrient intake, and also the percentage of nutrient fulfillment in comparison with the dietary recommendation.
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Hunger strikers resuming nutritional intake may develop a life-threatening refeeding syndrome (RFS). Consequently, hunger strikers represent a core challenge for the medical staff. The objective of the study was to test the effectiveness and safety of evidence-based recommendations for prevention and management of RFS during the refeeding phase. ⋯ Our data suggested that seriousness and rate of medical complications during the refeeding phase can be kept at a minimum in a hunger strike population. This study supported use of recommendations to optimize risk management and to improve treatment quality and patient safety in this vulnerable population.
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Riverine communities in Rondônia State are exposed to high selenium (Se) content in their diet because of the high-selenium soils identified in the Amazon. However, the Amazonian population has a high mercury (Hg) exposure because this metal accumulates in the soil. Because children are more vulnerable to Hg toxicity, the aim of this study was to evaluate and correlate Se status and hair Hg levels in riverine children (aged 3-9 y) living in two different locations in Rondônia State: Demarcação area (DA) and Gleba do Rio Preto (GRP). ⋯ Children from both riverine communities are likely to present altered Se status according to their dietary intake. Additionally, these children are highly exposed to Hg, mainly through fish consumption, and the toxicity of this metal may cause metabolic damage.