Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Oligofructose-enriched inulin improves some inflammatory markers and metabolic endotoxemia in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
Anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches are considered for the management of type 2 diabetes and for the prevention of its complications. There is limited evidence regarding the effects of prebiotics on inflammation, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. This trial aims to examine the effects of oligofructose-enriched inulin on glycemic status, inflammation markers, and metabolic endotoxemia in female patients. ⋯ In women with type 2 diabetes and suboptimal daily dietary fiber intake, oligofructose-enriched inulin may help to modulate some inflammatory markers.
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Comparative Study
Leishmania donovani: dynamics of L. donovani evasion of innate immune cell attack due to malnutrition in visceral leishmaniasis.
Malnutrition may be significant in the modulation of immune responses in visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Data on the relationship between malnutrition and innate immune response in VL are limited. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of malnutrition on the profile of innate immune functions of polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMNs) and monocytes through comparison of well-nourished and malnourished Indian patients with VL. ⋯ Malnutrition linked to VL can be a decisive factor in the dynamics of L. donovani evasion of innate immune cell function in VL patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Telomere shortening in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment may be attenuated with ω-3 fatty acid supplementation: a randomized controlled pilot study.
Excessive shortening of the telomeric ends of chromosomes is a marker of accelerated aging. Oxidative stress and nutritional deficiency may influence this process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) supplementation on telomeric shortening in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). ⋯ Telomeric shortening may be attenuated by ω-3 PUFA supplementation, requiring further investigation in larger samples.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Brazilian nut consumption by healthy volunteers improves inflammatory parameters.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a single dose of Brazil nuts on the inflammatory markers of healthy individuals. ⋯ The results indicate a long-term decrease in inflammatory markers after a single intake of large portions of Brazil nuts in healthy volunteers. Therefore, the long-term effect of regular Brazil nut consumption on inflammatory markers should be better investigated.
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Experimental and epidemiologic data have confirmed that undernutrition or overnutrition during critical periods of life can result in metabolic dysfunction, leading to the development of obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, later in life. These studies have contributed to the concept of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), which involves metabolic programming patterns. Beyond the earlier phases of development, puberty can be an additional period of plasticity, during which any insult can lead to changes in metabolism. ⋯ Additionally, the pancreatic islets appear to play a decisive role in the setup and maintenance of these metabolic dysfunctions as key targets of metabolic programming, and epigenetic mechanisms may underlie these changes. Moreover, studies have indicated the possibility that deprogramming renders the islets able to recover their functioning after malprogramming. In this review, we discuss the key roles of the pancreatic islets as targets of malprogramming; however, we also discuss their roles as important targets for the treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases.