Nutrition
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The Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2000) is currently recommended by the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition as a screening tool in hospitalized patients. However, for preoperative risk prediction, the usefulness of this tool is uncertain and may depend on the type of surgical disease. The present study investigated the relative prognostic importance of the NRS-2002 and of established medical and surgical predictors for postoperative complications in patients scheduled for non-abdominal procedures. ⋯ In surgical patients with non-abdominal diseases, a modified NRS-2002 classification may be required to preoperatively identify patients at a high nutritional risk. The NRS-2002 alone is insufficient to precisely predict complications.
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To evaluate the association between visceral fat and cardiovascular risk factors and to compare the ultrasonographic measurements of abdominal visceral fat with abdominal circumference (AC). ⋯ Ultrasonographic measurements of visceral fat were correlated with cardiovascular risk factors, but this association was also demonstrable with AC measurements. Our results suggest that the measurement of visceral fat by ultrasound is unnecessary for the diagnosis of cardiovascular risk in well-nourished or obese adolescents.
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To assess the association between consuming or skipping breakfast and dietary quality indices such as the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), diversity scores of different food groups, and anthropometric measurements in young Isfahanian women. ⋯ Breakfast consumption was associated with higher scores of the dietary quality indices and lower values for the body mass index and waist circumference in young Isfahanian women. Further studies should be performed to determine the relation between the kind of breakfast consumed and the dietary quality indices.
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The present study was designed to investigate the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the inflammatory response of peritoneal macrophages. ⋯ Chronic consumption of an HFD decreased the LPS-induced inflammatory response of peritoneal macrophages, which was associated with a downregulation of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.
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Knowledge about the hippocampal morphologic mechanisms of learning and memory for maternal mild zinc deficiency during pregnancy/lactation followed by zinc supplementation of pups after weaning is limited. This study examined the effects of zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation on cognition and hippocampal neurons. ⋯ The changes in hippocampal neuron morphology were consistent with the changes in the learning and memory ability of mildly zinc-deficient and zinc-supplemented offspring.