Nutrition
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Bioelectrical impedance measurements were collected in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), but their results have not been published. In the NHANES III population, resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) values at 50-kHz frequency were obtained with a Valhalla Scientific meter (model 1990B; San Diego, CA, USA). The RXc graph method was used to identify bivariate pattern distributions of mean vectors (95% confidence ellipses by sex, race, age, and body mass index [BMI]), and individual impedance vectors (50%, 75%, and 95% tolerance ellipses). ⋯ Tolerance ellipses were calculated from sex- and race-specific reference populations 20 to 69 y old and 19 < or = BMI < 30 kg/m(2) (8022 subjects, 4226 men and 3796 women). After transformation of impedance vector components into bivariate Z scores (standardized deviates, as differences from the mean divided by the standard deviation of the reference population), we constructed one standard, reference, RXc-score graph (50%, 75%, and 95% tolerance ellipses) that can be used with any analyzer in any population. The pattern of impedance vector distribution and reference bivariate intervals for the individual impedance vector are presented for comparative studies (free software at E-mail: apiccoli@unipd.it).
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Enforced mobilization, early oral feeding, and balanced analgesia improve convalescence after colorectal surgery.
A postoperative regimen using a multimodal approach with enforced mobilization and early oral nutrition has been reported to improve convalescence but has not been compared with other postoperative regimens. ⋯ This active per- and postoperative regimen based on a multimodal approach improved ambulation time and muscle function during admission and late convalescence.
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Vitamin D plays a critically important role in the development, growth, and mineralization of the skeleton during its formative years, and performs an equally essential role in maintaining a healthy mineralized skeleton for adults of all ages. We evaluated the vitamin D status and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in healthy breast-fed newborns and their nursing mothers. ⋯ Vitamin D deficiency is still a common and serious health problem of women of reproductive age and their babies in developing countries at the outset of a new millennium.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Influence of polymeric enteral nutrition supplemented with different doses of glutamine on gut permeability in critically ill patients.
To evaluate the effect of glutamine-supplemented polymeric enteral formulas on the recovery of gut-permeability abnormalities in critically ill patients. ⋯ Even though polymeric enteral nutrition was associated with a significant improvement in the L/M ratio, glutamine supplementation did not show a specific influence in improving recovery of gut permeability in critically ill patients.
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Comparative Study
Low serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in young adult Japanese women: a cross sectional study.
The vitamin D nutrition status of young adult women is unclear, but a recent preliminary report suggested that they may have vitamin D insufficiency. This study assessed the serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), an index of vitamin D nutrition status, in young adult Japanese women in comparison with those in older women and investigated whether serum 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with other calcium-related hormones and bone mass. ⋯ Serum 25(OH)D concentrations in young adult Japanese women (<30 y old) are lower than those of older adult women (30 to 66 y), and lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations are likely associated with lower forearm bone mineral content.