Current opinion in anaesthesiology
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the biggest complications in open and endovascular aortic repairs. Historically, cerebrospinal fluid drains (CSFD) have been one of the most effective modalities in reducing SCI and one of the most studied. CSFD placement also carries its' own set of procedural risks. This editorial intends to evaluate recent literature to determine whether CSFDs remain a valuable tool in aortic repair. ⋯ There has been conflicting data on whether CSFDs have a role in reducing the risk of SCI in endovascular aortic repair. Some studies suggest that there is no benefit to placement while others suggest that routine prophylactic drains should be placed for all endovascular cases. Despite this, efforts have been made to selectively place CSFDs in those patients deemed at 'high risk' for SCI. CSFDs also remain a part of rescue treatment for postoperative SCI. This suggests that CSFDs continue to be a valuable tool that we need to better comprehend. Future research is necessary to better understand how patient risk factors can be balanced with perioperative management to help identify patients who may benefit from CSFD placement.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Feb 2023
ReviewPostoperative nausea and vomiting: risk factors, prediction tools, and algorithms.
Postoperative/postdischarge nausea and vomiting (PONV/PDNV) remain relevant issues in perioperative care. Especially in ambulatory surgery, PONV can prevent discharge or lead to unplanned readmission. ⋯ PDNV management is based primarily on consequent prophylaxis and therapy of PONV.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Feb 2023
ReviewLateral thoracotomy versus sternotomy for left ventricular assist device implantation.
Traditionally, left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are implanted via the standard median sternotomy approach. However, a left thoracotomy approach has been purported to offer physiologic benefits. As a result, utilization of the left thoracotomy for LVAD placement is increasing globally, but the benefits of this approach versus sternotomy are still evolving and debatable. This review compares the median sternotomy and thoracotomy approaches for LVAD placement. ⋯ The most recent literature supports the use of lateral thoracotomy for placement of left ventricle assist devices compared to median sternotomy. Long-term outcomes from lateral thoracotomy are still unknown, however, short-term results favor lateral thoracotomy approaches for LVAD implantation. While the conventional median sternotomy approach was the original operative technique of choice for LVAD implantation, lateral thoracotomy is quickly emerging as a potentially superior technique.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Feb 2023
ReviewLung transplantation for coronavirus disease 2019 associated severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.
The purpose of this review is to analyze the most recent and relevant literature involving lung transplantation for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the pathological mechanisms of lung injury, selection criteria and outcomes. ⋯ Lung transplantation after COVID-19 ARDS is a potentially life-saving procedure for appropriately selected patients with no evidence of lung function recovery despite maximal treatment. Lung transplantation should be ideally performed in high-volume centers with expertise.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Feb 2023
ReviewSurgical left atrial appendage occlusion with concomitant cardiac surgical procedures: exacerbating heart failure or preventing stroke.
The left atrial appendage (LAA) is a common source of thromboembolic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Current guidelines recommend consideration of surgical LAA occlusion concomitant with other cardiac surgical procedures based mostly on observational data and a few small trials. Recently published results of several large retrospective studies and one prospective trial are reviewed herein. ⋯ Most patients with AF undergoing another cardiac surgical procedure should be considered for concomitant LAA occlusion as part of a heart team discussion. The choice of surgical closure technique is critical. There is insufficient data to recommend LAA occlusion as an alternative to anticoagulation.