BMJ : British medical journal
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Strategy for intention to treat analysis in randomised trials with missing outcome data.
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Dietary calcium intake and risk of fracture and osteoporosis: prospective longitudinal cohort study.
To investigate associations between long term dietary intake of calcium and risk of fracture of any type, hip fractures, and osteoporosis. ⋯ Gradual increases in dietary calcium intake above the first quintile in our female population were not associated with further reductions in fracture risk or osteoporosis.
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To investigate whether the incentive scheme for UK general practitioners led them to neglect activities not included in the scheme. ⋯ There were substantial improvements in quality for all indicators between 2001 and 2007. Improvements associated with financial incentives seem to have been achieved at the expense of small detrimental effects on aspects of care that were not incentivised.
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To determine the association of resting echocardiography before elective intermediate to high risk non-cardiac surgery with survival and length of hospital stay. ⋯ Preoperative echocardiography was not associated with improved survival or shorter hospital stay after major non-cardiac surgery. These findings highlight the need for further research to guide better use of this common preoperative test.
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To provide information on the frequency and reasons for outcome reporting bias in clinical trials. ⋯ The prevalence of incomplete outcome reporting is high. Trialists seemed generally unaware of the implications for the evidence base of not reporting all outcomes and protocol changes. A general lack of consensus regarding the choice of outcomes in particular clinical settings was evident and affects trial design, conduct, analysis, and reporting.