BMJ : British medical journal
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Observational Study
Association of residency work hour reform with long term quality and costs of care of US physicians: observational study.
To determine whether 30 day mortality, 30 day readmissions, and inpatient spending vary according to whether physicians were exposed to work hour reforms during their residency. ⋯ Exposure of internists to work hour reforms during their residency was not associated with post-training differences in patient mortality, readmissions, or costs of care.
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Role of maternal age and pregnancy history in risk of miscarriage: prospective register based study.
To estimate the burden of miscarriage in the Norwegian population and to evaluate the associations with maternal age and pregnancy history. ⋯ The risk of miscarriage varies greatly with maternal age, shows a strong pattern of recurrence, and is also increased after some adverse pregnancy outcomes. Miscarriage and other pregnancy complications might share underlying causes, which could be biological conditions or unmeasured common risk factors.
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Multicenter Study
Joint association of urinary sodium and potassium excretion with cardiovascular events and mortality: prospective cohort study.
To evaluate the joint association of sodium and potassium urinary excretion (as surrogate measures of intake) with cardiovascular events and mortality, in the context of current World Health Organization recommendations for daily intake (<2.0 g sodium, >3.5 g potassium) in adults. ⋯ These findings suggest that the simultaneous target of low sodium intake (<2 g/day) with high potassium intake (>3.5 g/day) is extremely uncommon. Combined moderate sodium intake (3-5 g/day) with high potassium intake is associated with the lowest risk of mortality and cardiovascular events.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Induction of labour at 41 weeks versus expectant management until 42 weeks (INDEX): multicentre, randomised non-inferiority trial.
To compare induction of labour at 41 weeks with expectant management until 42 weeks in low risk women. ⋯ This study could not show non-inferiority of expectant management compared with induction of labour in women with uncomplicated pregnancies at 41 weeks; instead a significant difference of 1.4% was found for risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in favour of induction, although the chances of a good perinatal outcome were high with both strategies and the incidence of perinatal mortality, Apgar score <4 at five minutes, and NICU admission low.